hibernate关联关系（一对多）

hibernate关联关系（一对多）

1. 什么是关联(association)

1.1 关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。
例如:
t_hibernate_order
t_hibernate_order_item
一个订单对应多个订单项
hibernate:orm框架、以面向对象的思想操作数据库
1.2 关联的分类：关联可以分为一对一、一对多/多对一、多对多关联
关联是有方向的
注意：

1． 关键点都在数据库中的外键上面,请好好理解下面这二句SQL和一对多及多对一的关系
2． select * from Orders where cid=? //这条SQL返回客户对应的0-n个订单
3． select * from Customers where customerId=? //这条SQL返回订单对应的1个客户
4． 通过这二条SQL不难看出,外键在这里有二个用途:查找客户的订单,查找订单对应的客户
Entity包（映射）：

建立客户到订单的一对多关联关系

<bag lazy="false" name="orderItem" inverse="true" cascade="save-update" >
		 <key column="oid"></key>
		 <one-to-many class="com.three.entity.OrderItem" />
		</bag>

Order.hbm.xml:：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
		<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
		</property>
		<!-- bag：标签
		   name：当前要映射的类的关联属性
		   cascade：维护关联关系
		   inverter：决定有谁来维护关联关系
		   
		   key:标签
		   column：表的外键对应的列段
		   
		   one-to-many：
		   class：关联属性外键对应的类的全路径名
		   lazy:懒惰（默认为true）
		 -->
		<bag lazy="false" name="orderItem" inverse="true" cascade="save-update" >
		 <key column="oid"></key>
		 <one-to-many class="com.three.entity.OrderItem" />
		</bag>
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

OrderItem.hbm.xml:：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
		<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
		</property>
		<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
		</property>
		<!-- insert=“false” update=“false” 意思是
       当前类 oid 放弃对列段oid数据库中 列段oid的维护 -->
		<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
		</property>
		<!--
		many-to-one:多对一的配置（因为多个订单项对应一个订单）
		name：指的是当前所有要映射类com.three.entity.orderItem的关联属性order
		class：指的是关联属性的类别（全路径名）
		column：这里填的是外键
		  -->
		   <many-to-one name="order" class="com.three.entity.OrderItem" column="oid" ></many-to-one>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Dao包：

DemoDao.java:

package com.three.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.three.entity.Order;
import com.three.entity.OrderItem;
import com.two.uitl.SessionFactoryUtils;


public class DemoDao {
	/**
	 * 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
	 * 	讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
	 * @param order
	 * @return
	 */
	public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return oid;
	}
	
	public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer otid = (Integer) session.save(orderItem);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return otid;
	}
	
	
	
	/**
	 * 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
	 * 	1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
	 * 	2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
	 * @param order
	 * @return
	 */
	public Order getOrder(Order order) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
		if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItem());
//			System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return o;
	}
	
	public List<Order> getOrderList() {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}
	
	/**
	 * z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
	 * @param order
	 */
	public void delOrder(Order order) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
		for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItem()) {
			session.delete(oi);
		}
		session.delete(order2);
//		session.delete(order);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
}

DemoDaoTest.java:

package com.three.dao;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.three.entity.Order;
import com.three.entity.OrderItem;

public class DemoDaoTest {
private DemoDao demoDao=new DemoDao();
	
	@Test
	public void testAddOrder() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderNo("王者贵族限定");
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
            oi.setProductId(90+i);
            oi.setQuantity(80+i);
            order.getOrderItem().add(oi);
            oi.setOrder(order);
		}
	   demoDao.addOrder(order);

	}

	@Test
	public void testAddOrderItem() {
		Order order = new Order(); 
		OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
		oi.setProductId(66);
		oi.setQuantity(66);
		order.setOrderId(11);
		oi.setOrder(order);
		demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);
	}

	@Test
	/**
	 * 懒加载
	 */
	public void testGetOrder() {
		Order order = new Order(); 
		order.setOrderId(11);
		order.setInitChildren(1);
		Order o=demoDao.getOrder(order);
		System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
		/**
		 * 未能惰性地初始化角色集合:com.three.entity.Order。无法初始化代理-没有会话
		 */
		System.out.println(o.getOrderItem().size());
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetOrderList() {
		List<Order> orderList=demoDao.getOrderList();
		for (Order order : orderList) {
			System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
			System.out.println(order.getOrderItem().size());
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testDelOrder() {
		Order order = new Order(); 
		order.setOrderId(11);
		this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
	}

}

Hibernate.cfg.xml配置：

<!-- 一對多的讲解 -->
		<mapping resource="com/three/entity/Order.hbm.xml" />
		<mapping resource="com/three/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml" />

新增订单与订单项：

// An highlighted block
var foo = 'bar';

查询订单（懒加载）：
删除订单与删除相应的订单项：