从上往下打印二叉树

从上往下打印二叉树需要一个双端队列，STL提供了deque容器符合我们的要求，代码和测试代码如下：

#include <deque>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

struct BinaryTreeNode
{
	int m_nValue;
	BinaryTreeNode *m_pLeft;
	BinaryTreeNode *m_pRight;
};
BinaryTreeNode* CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value)
{
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode = new BinaryTreeNode();
	pNode->m_nValue = value;
	pNode->m_pLeft = NULL;
	pNode->m_pRight = NULL;

	return pNode;
}

void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode* pParent, BinaryTreeNode* pLeft, BinaryTreeNode* pRight)
{
	if (pParent != NULL)
	{
		pParent->m_pLeft = pLeft;
		pParent->m_pRight = pRight;
	}
}

void PrintTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode* pNode)
{
	if (pNode != NULL)
	{
		printf("value of this node is: %d\n", pNode->m_nValue);

		if (pNode->m_pLeft != NULL)
			printf("value of its left child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pLeft->m_nValue);
		else
			printf("left child is null.\n");

		if (pNode->m_pRight != NULL)
			printf("value of its right child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pRight->m_nValue);
		else
			printf("right child is null.\n");
	}
	else
	{
		printf("this node is null.\n");
	}

	printf("\n");
}

void PrintTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
	PrintTreeNode(pRoot);

	if (pRoot != NULL)
	{
		if (pRoot->m_pLeft != NULL)
			PrintTree(pRoot->m_pLeft);

		if (pRoot->m_pRight != NULL)
			PrintTree(pRoot->m_pRight);
	}
}

void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
	if (pRoot != NULL)
	{
		BinaryTreeNode* pLeft = pRoot->m_pLeft;
		BinaryTreeNode* pRight = pRoot->m_pRight;

		delete pRoot;
		pRoot = NULL;

		DestroyTree(pLeft);
		DestroyTree(pRight);
	}
}

void PrintFromTopToBottom(BinaryTreeNode *pTreeRoot)
{
	if (!pTreeRoot)
	{
		return;
	}
	deque<BinaryTreeNode *> dequeTreeNode;
	dequeTreeNode.push_back(pTreeRoot);
	while (dequeTreeNode.size())
	{
		BinaryTreeNode *pNode = dequeTreeNode.front();
		dequeTreeNode.pop_front();
		if (pNode->m_nValue)
		{
			printf("%d\n", pNode->m_nValue);
		}
		if (pNode->m_pLeft)
		{
			dequeTreeNode.push_back(pNode->m_pLeft);
		}
		if (pNode->m_pRight)
		{
			dequeTreeNode.push_back(pNode->m_pRight);
		}
	}
}
// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(char* testName, BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
	if (testName != NULL)
		printf("%s begins: \n", testName);

	PrintTree(pRoot);

	printf("The nodes from top to bottom, from left to right are: \n");
	PrintFromTopToBottom(pRoot);

	printf("\n\n");
}

//            10
//         /      \
//        6        14
//       /\        /\
//      4  8     12  16
void Test1()
{
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode10 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(10);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode6 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(6);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode14 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(14);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode8 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode12 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(12);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode16 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(16);

	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode10, pNode6, pNode14);
	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode6, pNode4, pNode8);
	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode14, pNode12, pNode16);

	Test("Test1", pNode10);

	DestroyTree(pNode10);
}

//               5
//              /
//             4
//            /
//           3
//          /
//         2
//        /
//       1
void Test2()
{
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);

	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode5, pNode4, NULL);
	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode4, pNode3, NULL);
	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode3, pNode2, NULL);
	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode2, pNode1, NULL);

	Test("Test2", pNode5);

	DestroyTree(pNode5);
}

// 1
//  \
//   2
//    \
//     3
//      \
//       4
//        \
//         5
void Test3()
{
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);

	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode1, NULL, pNode2);
	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode2, NULL, pNode3);
	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode3, NULL, pNode4);
	ConnectTreeNodes(pNode4, NULL, pNode5);

	Test("Test3", pNode1);

	DestroyTree(pNode1);
}

// 树中只有1个结点
void Test4()
{
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);
	Test("Test4", pNode1);

	DestroyTree(pNode1);
}

// 树中没有结点
void Test5()
{
	Test("Test5", NULL);
}

void main()
{
	Test1();
	Test2();
	Test3();
	Test4();
	Test5();

	system("pause");
}