Animation动画的解析与自定义Animation

Animation在View的包下，我们通过Animation的原理也可知道，Animation离开了View就没有效果，为什么这么说呢？

Animation的动画原理

我们先看一个简单的Animation动画，AlphaAnimation：

/**
 * An animation that controls the alpha level of an object.
 * Useful for fading things in and out. This animation ends up
 * changing the alpha property of a {@link Transformation}
 *
 */
public class AlphaAnimation extends Animation {
    private float mFromAlpha;
    private float mToAlpha;

    /**
     * Constructor used when an AlphaAnimation is loaded from a resource. 
     * 
     * @param context Application context to use
     * @param attrs Attribute set from which to read values
     */
    public AlphaAnimation(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);

        TypedArray a =
            context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.AlphaAnimation);

        mFromAlpha = a.getFloat(com.android.internal.R.styleable.AlphaAnimation_fromAlpha, 1.0f);
        mToAlpha = a.getFloat(com.android.internal.R.styleable.AlphaAnimation_toAlpha, 1.0f);

        a.recycle();
    }

    /**
     * Constructor to use when building an AlphaAnimation from code
     * 
     * @param fromAlpha Starting alpha value for the animation, where 1.0 means
     *        fully opaque and 0.0 means fully transparent.
     * @param toAlpha Ending alpha value for the animation.
     */
    public AlphaAnimation(float fromAlpha, float toAlpha) {
        mFromAlpha = fromAlpha;
        mToAlpha = toAlpha;
    }

    /**
     * Changes the alpha property of the supplied {@link Transformation}
     */
    @Override
    protected void applyTransformation(float interpolatedTime, Transformation t) {
        final float alpha = mFromAlpha;
        t.setAlpha(alpha + ((mToAlpha - alpha) * interpolatedTime));
    }

    @Override
    public boolean willChangeTransformationMatrix() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean willChangeBounds() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     */
    @Override
    public boolean hasAlpha() {
        return true;
    }
}

代码非常简单，其核心代码就在

@Override
protected void applyTransformation(float interpolatedTime, Transformation t) {
final float alpha = mFromAlpha;
t.setAlpha(alpha + ((mToAlpha - alpha) * interpolatedTime));
}
通过interpolatedTime来不断给变alpha的值，我们就可以看到一个View实现透明度变化的动画效果！那么问题来了，谁在调用applyTransformation方法呢？跟进代码看到

public boolean getTransformation(long currentTime, Transformation outTransformation){
}
中对applyTransformation做了调用，不用想了，getTransformation肯定是在View的startAnimation触发的！
是不是呢？

public void startAnimation(Animation animation) {
animation.setStartTime(Animation.START_ON_FIRST_FRAME);
setAnimation(animation);
invalidateParentCaches();
invalidate(true);
}
这里重新绘制了View，所以View的boolean draw(Canvas canvas, ViewGroup parent, long drawingTime)方法会被执行，为什么是draw而不是onDraw，我们看着么一句注解

/**
 * This method is called by ViewGroup.drawChild() to have each child view draw itself.
 * This draw() method is an implementation detail and is not intended to be overridden or
 * to be called from anywhere else other than ViewGroup.drawChild().
 */

而在draw()方法中有

final Animation a = getAnimation();
if (a != null) {
more = drawAnimation(parent, drawingTime, a, scalingRequired);
concatMatrix = a.willChangeTransformationMatrix();
if (concatMatrix) {
mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_VIEW_IS_ANIMATING_TRANSFORM;
}
transformToApply = parent.getChildTransformation();
}
所以Animation得getTransformation的到执行，这就是Animation的实现原理。

但这好像对于我们来说意义不大，确实，因为我们不是Animation的缔造者，我们你只需要知道如何使用即可，就当前面热热身了！

Animation的使用

Animation的使用非常简单，Android中已经为我们定义好了四种Animation动画效果AlphaAnimation、RotateAnimation、ScaleAnimation、TranslateAnimation
以AlphaAnimation为例快速的说明一下其使用方法：

AlphaAnimation animation = new AlphaAnimation（1,0）;
animation.setDuration(2000) ;
animation.setRepeat(2) ;
view.startAnimation(animation);

ok,一个View的动画就实现了，其他三个动画效果也是类似的，非常简单！这里不重复了，我们重点来看一下如何自己定义一个Animation效果，还是通过一个案例来说明。

实现一个按钮放大的动画效果，这里放大不能出现拉伸，如果可以拉伸那就没意义了，因为系统已经为我们定义好了一个，ScaleAnimation就可以实现；

第一步 、继承Animation，
第二步 、重写applyTransformation方法
第三步、没了！

所以代码如下：

/**
 * Created by zhuxiaocheng on 2016/6/15.
 */
public class ParamsScaleAnimation extends Animation {
    private View mTargetView;
    private int mOriginWidth;
    private int mTargetWidth;
    private ViewGroup.LayoutParams mLayoutParams;

    public ParamsScaleAnimation(final int mTargetWidth, final View mTargetView){
        this.mTargetView = mTargetView;
        this.mOriginWidth = mTargetView.getMeasuredWidth();
        this.mTargetWidth = mTargetWidth;

        if (mOriginWidth==0){
            mTargetView.getViewTreeObserver().addOnPreDrawListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnPreDrawListener() {
                @Override
                public boolean onPreDraw() {
                    mTargetView.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnPreDrawListener(this);
                    mOriginWidth = mTargetView.getMeasuredWidth();
                    return false;
                }
            });
        }

        mLayoutParams = mTargetView.getLayoutParams();
    }

    @Override
    protected void applyTransformation(float interpolatedTime, Transformation t) {
        /**
         * interpolatedTime 变化范围 0~1
         */
        mLayoutParams.width = (int)(mOriginWidth + (mTargetWidth-mOriginWidth)*interpolatedTime);
        mTargetView.setLayoutParams(mLayoutParams);
    }

}

使用代码：

  private void startParamsAnimation(View view){
        float density = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
        int width = (int) (300*density);
        ParamsScaleAnimation paramsScaleAnimation = new ParamsScaleAnimation(width,view);
        paramsScaleAnimation.setDuration(2000);
        view.startAnimation(paramsScaleAnimation);
    }

最后附上代码：最后附上代码：