拓展功能

from urllib import request, parse
from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError

保存cookie

from http import cookiejar
class session(object):
def init(self):
cookie_object = cookiejar.CookieJar()
# handler 对应着一个操作
handler = request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie_object)
# opener 遇到有cookie的response的时候,
# 调用handler内部的一个函数, 存储到cookie object
self.opener = request.build_opener(handler)

def get(self, url, headers=None):
    return get(url, headers, self.opener)

def post(self, url, form, headers=None):
    return post(url, form, headers, self.opener)

a. get(url, headers=None)

def get(url, headers=None, opener = None):
return urlrequests(url, headers=headers, opener = opener)

def post(url, form, headers=None, opener = None):
return urlrequests(url, form, headers=headers, opener=opener)

b. post(url, form, headers=None)

1. 传入url

2. user_agent

3. headers

4. 定义Request

5. urlopen

6. 返回byte数组

def urlrequests(url, form=None, headers=None, opener = None):

user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'
# 如果用户需要自行传入headers, 则覆盖之前的headers
if headers == None:
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': user_agent
    }
html_bytes = b''
try:
    if form:
        # POST
        # 2.1 转换成str
        form_str = parse.urlencode(form, encoding='utf-8')
        #print(form_str)
        # 2.2 转换成bytes
        form_bytes = form_str.encode('utf-8')
        req = request.Request(url, data=form_bytes, headers=headers)
    else:
        # GET
        req = request.Request(url, headers=headers)
    if opener:
        response = opener.open(req)
    else:
        response = request.urlopen(req)
    html_bytes = response.read()
except HTTPError as e:
    print(e)
except URLError as e:
    print(e)

return html_bytes

if name == ‘main‘:
# url = ‘http://fanyi.baidu.com/sug’
# form = {
# ‘kw’: ‘呵呵’
# }
# html_bytes = post(url, form=form)
# print(html_bytes)

url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
html_byte = get(url)
print(html_byte)