5.0的多线程任务包对于同步的性能方面有了很大的改进,在原有synchronized关键字的基础上,又增加了ReentrantLock,以及各种Atomic类。了解其性能的优劣程度,有助与我们在特定的情形下做出正确的选择。
总体的结论先摆出来:
synchronized:
在资源竞争不是很激烈的情况下,偶尔会有同步的情形下,synchronized是很合适的。原因在于,编译程序通常会尽可能的进行优化synchronize,另外可读性非常好,不管用没用过5.0多线程包的程序员都能理解。
ReentrantLock:
ReentrantLock提供了多样化的同步,比如有时间限制的同步,可以被Interrupt的同步(synchronized的同步是不能Interrupt的)等。在资源竞争不激烈的情形下,性能稍微比synchronized差点点。但是当同步非常激烈的时候,synchronized的性能一下子能下降好几十倍。而ReentrantLock确还能维持常态。
Atomic:
和上面的类似,不激烈情况下,性能比synchronized略逊,而激烈的时候,也能维持常态。激烈的时候,Atomic的性能会优于ReentrantLock一倍左右。但是其有一个缺点,就是只能同步一个值,一段代码中只能出现一个Atomic的变量,多于一个同步无效。因为他不能在多个Atomic之间同步。
所以,我们写同步的时候,优先考虑synchronized,如果有特殊需要,再进一步优化。ReentrantLock和Atomic如果用的不好,不仅不能提高性能,还可能带来灾难。
先贴测试结果:再贴代码(Atomic测试代码不准确,一个同步中只能有1个Actomic,这里用了2个,但是这里的测试只看速度)
==========================
round:100000 thread:5
Sync = 35301694
Lock = 56255753
Atom = 43467535
==========================
round:200000 thread:10
Sync = 110514604
Lock = 204235455
Atom = 170535361
==========================
round:300000 thread:15
Sync = 253123791
Lock = 448577123
Atom = 362797227
==========================
round:400000 thread:20
Sync = 16562148262
Lock = 846454786
Atom = 667947183
==========================
round:500000 thread:25
Sync = 26932301731
Lock = 1273354016
Atom = 982564544
Java代码
- package test.thread;
- import static java.lang.System.out;
- import java.util.Random;
- import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
- import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
- import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
- import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
- public class TestSyncMethods {
- public static void test(int round,int threadNum,CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier){
- new SyncTest("Sync",round,threadNum,cyclicBarrier).testTime();
- new LockTest("Lock",round,threadNum,cyclicBarrier).testTime();
- new AtomicTest("Atom",round,threadNum,cyclicBarrier).testTime();
- }
- public static void main(String args[]){
- for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
- int round=100000*(i+1);
- int threadNum=5*(i+1);
- CyclicBarrier cb=new CyclicBarrier(threadNum*2+1);
- out.println("==========================");
- out.println("round:"+round+" thread:"+threadNum);
- test(round,threadNum,cb);
- }
- }
- }
- class SyncTest extends TestTemplate{
- public SyncTest(String _id,int _round,int _threadNum,CyclicBarrier _cb){
- super( _id, _round, _threadNum, _cb);
- }
- @Override
- /**
- * synchronized关键字不在方法签名里面,所以不涉及重载问题
- */
- synchronized long getValue() {
- return super.countValue;
- }
- @Override
- synchronized void sumValue() {
- super.countValue+=preInit[index++%round];
- }
- }
- class LockTest extends TestTemplate{
- ReentrantLock lock=new ReentrantLock();
- public LockTest(String _id,int _round,int _threadNum,CyclicBarrier _cb){
- super( _id, _round, _threadNum, _cb);
- }
- /**
- * synchronized关键字不在方法签名里面,所以不涉及重载问题
- */
- @Override
- long getValue() {
- try{
- lock.lock();
- return super.countValue;
- }finally{
- lock.unlock();
- }
- }
- @Override
- void sumValue() {
- try{
- lock.lock();
- super.countValue+=preInit[index++%round];
- }finally{
- lock.unlock();
- }
- }
- }
- class AtomicTest extends TestTemplate{
- public AtomicTest(String _id,int _round,int _threadNum,CyclicBarrier _cb){
- super( _id, _round, _threadNum, _cb);
- }
- @Override
- /**
- * synchronized关键字不在方法签名里面,所以不涉及重载问题
- */
- long getValue() {
- return super.countValueAtmoic.get();
- }
- @Override
- void sumValue() {
- super.countValueAtmoic.addAndGet(super.preInit[indexAtomic.get()%round]);
- }
- }
- abstract class TestTemplate{
- private String id;
- protected int round;
- private int threadNum;
- protected long countValue;
- protected AtomicLong countValueAtmoic=new AtomicLong(0);
- protected int[] preInit;
- protected int index;
- protected AtomicInteger indexAtomic=new AtomicInteger(0);
- Random r=new Random(47);
- //任务栅栏,同批任务,先到达wait的任务挂起,一直等到全部任务到达制定的wait地点后,才能全部唤醒,继续执行
- private CyclicBarrier cb;
- public TestTemplate(String _id,int _round,int _threadNum,CyclicBarrier _cb){
- this.id=_id;
- this.round=_round;
- this.threadNum=_threadNum;
- cb=_cb;
- preInit=new int[round];
- for(int i=0;i<preInit.length;i++){
- preInit[i]=r.nextInt(100);
- }
- }
- abstract void sumValue();
- /*
- * 对long的操作是非原子的,原子操作只针对32位
- * long是64位,底层操作的时候分2个32位读写,因此不是线程安全
- */
- abstract long getValue();
- public void testTime(){
- ExecutorService se=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- long start=System.nanoTime();
- //同时开启2*ThreadNum个数的读写线程
- for(int i=0;i<threadNum;i++){
- se.execute(new Runnable(){
- public void run() {
- for(int i=0;i<round;i++){
- sumValue();
- }
- //每个线程执行完同步方法后就等待
- try {
- cb.await();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- se.execute(new Runnable(){
- public void run() {
- getValue();
- try {
- //每个线程执行完同步方法后就等待
- cb.await();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- try {
- //当前统计线程也wait,所以CyclicBarrier的初始值是threadNum*2+1
- cb.await();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- //所有线程执行完成之后,才会跑到这一步
- long duration=System.nanoTime()-start;
- out.println(id+" = "+duration);
- }
- }