Linux软件包安装和卸载

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-27 17:25:20 发布

chenglangku0236

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-27 17:25:20 发布

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文章标签：操作系统运维 runtime

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/3706694/blog/1574167

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7.6、yum更换国内源

centos7自带的yum源可能来自国外，网络下载很慢
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
rm -f dvd.repo
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
或者
curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
yum list

    1. [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
	2. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS-Base.repo 
	3. # CentOS-Base.repo
	4. #
	5. # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
	6. # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
	7. # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
	8. # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
	9. #
	10. # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
	11. # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
	12. #
	13. #
	14. 

	15. [base]
	16. name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
	17. mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
	18. #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
	19. gpgcheck=1
	20. gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
	21. 

	22. #released updates 
	23. [updates]
	24. name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
	25. mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
	26. #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
	27. gpgcheck=1
	28. gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
	29. 

	30. #additional packages that may be useful
	31. [extras]
	32. name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
	33. mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
	34. #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
	35. gpgcheck=1
	36. gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
	37. 

	38. #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
	39. [centosplus]
	40. name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
	41. mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
	42. #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
	43. gpgcheck=1
	44. enabled=0
	45. gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
	46. 

	47. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

删除CentOS-Base.repo删除改文件后就无法使用yum安装任何命令

1. [root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo 
	2. [root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# ls
	3. CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
	4. CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo      CentOS-Vault.repo
	5. [root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# 
	6. [root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# yum install -y wget
	7. 已加载插件：fastestmirror
	8. There are no enabled repos.
	9. Run "yum repolist all" to see the repos you have.
	10. To enable Red Hat Subscription Management repositories:
	11.      subscription-manager repos --enable <repo>
	12. To enable custom repositories:
	13.      yum-config-manager --enable <repo>
	14. [root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]#

在无法使用yum install -y wget安装并使用wget命令时，使用curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 更换为国内的源

    1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
	2.                                  Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
	3. 100  1572  100  1572    0     0  10056      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 10141
	4. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
	5. CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
	6. CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

查看源


	* [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS7-Base-163.repo 
	* # CentOS-Base.repo
	* #
	* # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
	* # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
	* # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
	* # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
	* #
	* # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
	* # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
	* #
	* #
	* [base]
	* name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
	* #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
	* baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
	* gpgcheck=1
	* gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
	* 

	* #released updates
	* [updates]
	* name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
	* #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
	* baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
	* gpgcheck=1
	* gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
	* 

	* #additional packages that may be useful
	* [extras]
	* name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
	* #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
	* baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
	* gpgcheck=1
	* gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
	* 

	* #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
	* [centosplus]
	* name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
	* baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
	* gpgcheck=1
	* enabled=0
	* gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
	* [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
	*

7.7、yum下载rpm包

安装扩展源epel
yum install -y epel-release
yum list |grep epel

    1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
	2. CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
	3. CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
	4. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
	5. 已加载插件：fastestmirror
	6. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
	7. 正在解决依赖关系
	8. --> 正在检查事务
	9. ---> 软件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-9 将被 安装
	10. --> 解决依赖关系完成
	11. 

	12. 依赖关系解决
	13. 

	14. ==========================================================================================================================
	15. Package                           架构                        版本                     源                           大小
	16. ==========================================================================================================================
	17. 正在安装:
	18. epel-release                      noarch                      7-9                      extras                       14 k
	19. 

	20. 事务概要
	21. ==========================================================================================================================
	22. 安装  1 软件包
	23. 

	24. 总下载量：14 k
	25. 安装大小：24 k
	26. Downloading packages:
	27. epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm                                                                        |  14 kB  00:00:00     
	28. Running transaction check
	29. Running transaction test
	30. Transaction test succeeded
	31. Running transaction
	32.   正在安装    : epel-release-7-9.noarch                                                                               1/1 
	33.   验证中      : epel-release-7-9.noarch                                                                               1/1 
	34. 

	35. 已安装:
	36.   epel-release.noarch 0:7-9                                                                                               
	37. 

	38. 完毕！
	39. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
	40. CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo  epel-testing.repo
	41. CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  epel.repo
	42. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

使用yum下载rpm包
yum install -y包名 --downloadonly
ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/
yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径
yum reinstall -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径

    1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly
	2. 已加载插件：fastestmirror
	3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
	4. * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
	5. 正在解决依赖关系
	6. --> 正在检查事务
	7. ---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 将被 安装
	8. --> 解决依赖关系完成
	9. 

	10. 依赖关系解决
	11. 

	12. ==========================================================================================================================
	13. Package                  架构                        版本                                源                         大小
	14. ==========================================================================================================================
	15. 正在安装:
	16. zsh                      x86_64                      5.0.2-28.el7                        base                      2.4 M
	17. 

	18. 事务概要
	19. ==========================================================================================================================
	20. 安装  1 软件包
	21. 

	22. 总下载量：2.4 M
	23. 安装大小：5.6 M
	24. Background downloading packages, then exiting:
	25. zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                        | 2.4 MB  00:00:00     
	26. exiting because "Download Only" specified
	27. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -q zsh  //查询是否安装
	28. 未安装软件包 zsh 
	29. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

下载的rpm包存放在这个路径下

    1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/
	2. zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
	3. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

指定下载路径

1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install zabbix22-server.noarch --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
	2. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
	3. fping-3.10-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                               unixODBC-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
	4. iksemel-1.4-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                              yum.log
	5. ks-script-JkctqZ                                                          yum_save_tx.2017-11-15.17-24.XxJ8jY.yumtx
	6. libtool-ltdl-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64.rpm                                    yum_save_tx.2017-11-15.17-33.1i8eN0.yumtx
	7. net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm                                     zabbix22-2.2.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	8. OpenIPMI-libs-2.0.19-15.el7.x86_64.rpm                                    zabbix22-dbfiles-mysql-2.2.20-1.el7.noarch.rpm
	9. OpenIPMI-modalias-2.0.19-15.el7.x86_64.rpm                                zabbix22-server-2.2.20-1.el7.noarch.rpm
	10. systemd-private-3f6913cce3aa4159a0eb9d10baa09308-vmtoolsd.service-F5ODMg  zabbix22-server-mysql-2.2.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	11. traceroute-2.0.22-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
	12. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

如果已经安装的包，只下载则提示无须任何处理，无法下载

    1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
	2. 已加载插件：fastestmirror
	3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
	4. * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
	5. 软件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
	6. 无须任何处理
	7. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
	8. fping-3.10-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                               unixODBC-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
	9. iksemel-1.4-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                              yum.log
	10. ks-script-JkctqZ                                                          yum_save_tx.2017-11-15.17-24.XxJ8jY.yumtx
	11. libtool-ltdl-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64.rpm                                    yum_save_tx.2017-11-15.17-33.1i8eN0.yumtx
	12. net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm                                     zabbix22-2.2.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	13. OpenIPMI-libs-2.0.19-15.el7.x86_64.rpm                                    zabbix22-dbfiles-mysql-2.2.20-1.el7.noarch.rpm
	14. OpenIPMI-modalias-2.0.19-15.el7.x86_64.rpm                                zabbix22-server-2.2.20-1.el7.noarch.rpm
	15. systemd-private-3f6913cce3aa4159a0eb9d10baa09308-vmtoolsd.service-F5ODMg  zabbix22-server-mysql-2.2.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	16. traceroute-2.0.22-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
	17. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

使用yum reinstall vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/

        1. [root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
	2. 已加载插件：fastestmirror
	3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
	4. * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
	5. 正在解决依赖关系
	6. --> 正在检查事务
	7. ---> 软件包 vim-enhanced.x86_64.2.7.4.160-2.el7 将被 已重新安装
	8. --> 解决依赖关系完成
	9. 

	10. 依赖关系解决
	11. 

	12. ==========================================================================================================================
	13. Package                        架构                     版本                                源                      大小
	14. ==========================================================================================================================
	15. 重新安装:
	16. vim-enhanced                   x86_64                   2:7.4.160-2.el7                     base                   1.0 M
	17. 

	18. 事务概要
	19. ==========================================================================================================================
	20. 重新安装  1 软件包
	21. 

	22. 总下载量：1.0 M
	23. 安装大小：2.2 M
	24. Background downloading packages, then exiting:
	25. vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                              | 1.0 MB  00:00:00     
	26. exiting because "Download Only" specified
	27. [root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp/
	28. fping-3.10-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                               vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
	29. iksemel-1.4-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                              yum.log
	30. ks-script-JkctqZ                                                          yum_save_tx.2017-11-15.17-24.XxJ8jY.yumtx
	31. libtool-ltdl-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64.rpm                                    yum_save_tx.2017-11-15.17-33.1i8eN0.yumtx
	32. net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm                                     yum_save_tx.2017-11-15.17-41.kw2dtr.yumtx
	33. OpenIPMI-libs-2.0.19-15.el7.x86_64.rpm                                    zabbix22-2.2.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	34. OpenIPMI-modalias-2.0.19-15.el7.x86_64.rpm                                zabbix22-dbfiles-mysql-2.2.20-1.el7.noarch.rpm
	35. systemd-private-3f6913cce3aa4159a0eb9d10baa09308-vmtoolsd.service-F5ODMg  zabbix22-server-2.2.20-1.el7.noarch.rpm
	36. traceroute-2.0.22-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                        zabbix22-server-mysql-2.2.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	37. unixODBC-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
	38. [root@localhost ~]#

7.8、源码包安装（上）

cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.32
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
make
make install
卸载就是删除安装的文件
约定：源码包都放在/usr/local/src/目录下

       1. [root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
	2. --2017-11-15 17:50:25--  http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
	3. 正在解析主机 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)... 101.6.6.177, 2402:f000:1:416:101:6:6:177
	4. 正在连接 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)|101.6.6.177|:80... 已连接。
	5. 已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
	6. 长度：7684419 (7.3M) [application/octet-stream]
	7. 正在保存至: “httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz”
	8. 

	9. 100%[================================================================================>] 7,684,419   2.10MB/s 用时 3.6s   
	10. 

	11. 2017-11-15 17:50:29 (2.06 MB/s) - 已保存 “httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz” [7684419/7684419])
	12. 

	13. [root@localhost ~]# ls
	14. anaconda-ks.cfg  httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
	15. [root@localhost ~]# mv httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
	16. [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
	17. [root@localhost src]# ls
	18. httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
	19. tar -zxvf http-2.2.34.tar.gz   //解压
	20. [root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.2.34
	21. [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ls
	22. ABOUT_APACHE  BuildBin.dsp   configure.in  httpd.mak       LAYOUT        Makefile.in    os                server
	23. acinclude.m4  buildconf      docs          httpd.spec      libhttpd.dep  Makefile.win   README            srclib
	24. Apache.dsw    CHANGES        emacs-style   include         libhttpd.dsp  modules        README.platforms  support
	25. build         config.layout  httpd.dep     INSTALL         libhttpd.mak  NOTICE         README-win32.txt  test
	26. BuildAll.dsp  configure      httpd.dsp     InstallBin.dsp  LICENSE       NWGNUmakefile  ROADMAP           VERSIONING

查看README和INSTALL文档
编译安装

      1. [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
	2. checking for chosen layout... Apache
	3. checking for working mkdir -p... yes
	4. checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
	5. checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
	6. checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
	7. 

	8. Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library ...
	9. 

	10. checking for APR... reconfig
	11. configuring package in srclib/apr now
	12. checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
	13. checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
	14. checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
	15. Configuring APR library
	16. Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
	17. checking for working mkdir -p... yes
	18. APR Version: 1.5.2
	19. checking for chosen layout... apr
	20. checking for gcc... no       //提示没有gcc，解决方法：yum install -y gcc
	21. checking for cc... no      
	22. checking for cl.exe... no     
	23. configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.34/srclib/apr':     //报错
	24. configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH       //报错
	25. See `config.log' for more details
	26. configure failed for srclib/apr
	27. [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]#

使用echo $?返回值非0是指上一条命令报错，此命令用于检测上一条命令是否正确；

       1. [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
	2. 1
	3. [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]#

安装完gcc后，再运行./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2，完成后echo $?检测。
完成后make，等待完成

7.9、源码安装（下）

make install 命令会把编译后的文档放置在--prefix下指定的目录里

    1. [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# cd /usr/local/apache2/
	2. [root@localhost apache2]# ls
	3. bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  lib  logs  man  manual  modules
	4. [root@localhost apache2]#

源码包安装可以指定目录，把所有文件都放在一个目录下，如果需要卸载，直接删除该目录即可。
源码包下载一定要具备可靠性、安全性。

扩展学习

yum更新源码包优先级设置
1. 安装 yum-priorities
2. yum install yum-priorities
3. 2.priorities的配置文件是/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/priorities.conf，确认其是否存在。
4. 其内容为:
5. [main]
6. enabled=1 # 0禁用 1启用
7. 3.编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/目录下的*.repo 文件来设置优先级。
8. 参数为：
9. priority=N # N的值为1-99
10. 推荐的设置为：
11. [base], [addons], [updates], [extras] … priority=1
12. [centosplus],[contrib] … priority=2
13. Third Party Repos such as rpmforge … priority=N (where N is > 10 and based on your preference)
14. 数字越大,优先级越低
简单制作RPM二进制包实例

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-09/70096.htm

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3706694/blog/1574167

chenglangku0236

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Linux软件包安装和卸载

7.6、yum更换国内源centos7自带的yum源可能来自国外，网络下载很慢cd /etc/yum.repos.d/rm -f dvd.repowget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo或者curl -O h...
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