hadoop-ID分析

我们开始来分析Hadoop MapReduce的内部的运行机制。用户向Hadoop提交Job（作业），作业在JobTracker对象的控制下执行。Job被分解成为Task（任务），分发到集群中，在TaskTracker的控制下运行。Task包括MapTask和ReduceTask，是MapReduce的Map操作和Reduce操作执行的地方。这中任务分布的方法比较类似于HDFS中NameNode和DataNode的分工，NameNode对应的是JobTracker，DataNode对应的是TaskTracker。JobTracker，TaskTracker和MapReduce的客户端通过RPC通信，具体可以参考HDFS部分的分析。

我们先来分析一些辅助类，首先是和ID有关的类，ID的继承树如下：

* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

package org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce;

import java.io.DataInput;

/**
 * A general identifier, which internally stores the id
 * as an integer. This is the super class of {@link JobID}, 
 * {@link TaskID} and {@link TaskAttemptID}.
 * 
 * @see JobID
 * @see TaskID
 * @see TaskAttemptID
 */
public abstract class ID implements WritableComparable<ID> {
  protected static final char SEPARATOR = '_';
  protected int id;

  /** constructs an ID object from the given int */
  public ID(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  protected ID() {
  }

  /** returns the int which represents the identifier */
  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return String.valueOf(id);
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return Integer.valueOf(id).hashCode();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (this == o)
      return true;
    if(o == null)
      return false;
    if (o.getClass() == this.getClass()) {
      ID that = (ID) o;
      return this.id == that.id;
    }
    else
      return false;
  }

  /** Compare IDs by associated numbers */
  public int compareTo(ID that) {
    return this.id - that.id;
  }

  public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
    this.id = in.readInt();
  }

  public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
    out.writeInt(id);
  }
  
}

* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

package org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce;

import java.io.DataInput;

/**
 * JobID represents the immutable and unique identifier for 
 * the job. JobID consists of two parts. First part 
 * represents the jobtracker identifier, so that jobID to jobtracker map 
 * is defined. For cluster setup this string is the jobtracker 
 * start time, for local setting, it is "local".
 * Second part of the JobID is the job number. <br> 
 * An example JobID is : 
 * <code>job_200707121733_0003</code> , which represents the third job 
 * running at the jobtracker started at <code>200707121733</code>. 
 * <p>
 * Applications should never construct or parse JobID strings, but rather 
 * use appropriate constructors or {@link #forName(String)} method. 
 * 
 * @see TaskID
 * @see TaskAttemptID
 * @see org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobTracker#getNewJobId()
 * @see org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobTracker#getStartTime()
 */
public class JobID extends org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ID 
                   implements Comparable<ID> {
  protected static final String JOB = "job";
  private final Text jtIdentifier;
  
  protected static final NumberFormat idFormat = NumberFormat.getInstance();
  static {
    idFormat.setGroupingUsed(false);
    idFormat.setMinimumIntegerDigits(4);
  }
  
  /**
   * Constructs a JobID object 
   * @param jtIdentifier jobTracker identifier
   * @param id job number
   */
  public JobID(String jtIdentifier, int id) {
    super(id);
    this.jtIdentifier = new Text(jtIdentifier);
  }
  
  public JobID() { 
    jtIdentifier = new Text();
  }
  
  public String getJtIdentifier() {
    return jtIdentifier.toString();
  }
  
  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (!super.equals(o))
      return false;

    JobID that = (JobID)o;
    return this.jtIdentifier.equals(that.jtIdentifier);
  }
  
  /**Compare JobIds by first jtIdentifiers, then by job numbers*/
  @Override
  public int compareTo(ID o) {
    JobID that = (JobID)o;
    int jtComp = this.jtIdentifier.compareTo(that.jtIdentifier);
    if(jtComp == 0) {
      return this.id - that.id;
    }
    else return jtComp;
  }
  
  /**
   * Add the stuff after the "job" prefix to the given builder. This is useful,
   * because the sub-ids use this substring at the start of their string.
   * @param builder the builder to append to
   * @return the builder that was passed in
   */
  public StringBuilder appendTo(StringBuilder builder) {
    builder.append(SEPARATOR);
    builder.append(jtIdentifier);
    builder.append(SEPARATOR);
    builder.append(idFormat.format(id));
    return builder;
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return jtIdentifier.hashCode() + id;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return appendTo(new StringBuilder(JOB)).toString();
  }

  @Override
  public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
    super.readFields(in);
    this.jtIdentifier.readFields(in);
  }

  @Override
  public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
    super.write(out);
    jtIdentifier.write(out);
  }
  
  /** Construct a JobId object from given string 
   * @return constructed JobId object or null if the given String is null
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given string is malformed
   */
  public static JobID forName(String str) throws IllegalArgumentException {
    if(str == null)
      return null;
    try {
      String[] parts = str.split("_");
      if(parts.length == 3) {
        if(parts[0].equals(JOB)) {
          return new org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobID(parts[1], 
                                                    Integer.parseInt(parts[2]));
        }
      }
    }catch (Exception ex) {//fall below
    }
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("JobId string : " + str 
        + " is not properly formed");
  }
  
}

这张图可以看出现在Hadoop的org.apache.hadoop.mapred向org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce迁移带来的一些问题，其中灰色是标注为@Deprecated的。ID携带一个整型，实现了WritableComparable接口，这表明它可以比较，而且可以被Hadoop的io机制串行化/解串行化（必须实现compareTo/readFields/write方法）。JobID是系统分配给作业的唯一标识符，它的toString结果是job_<jobtrackerID>_<jobNumber>。例子：job_200707121733_0003表明这是jobtracker 200707121733（利用jobtracker的开始时间作为ID）的第3号作业。

作业分成任务执行，任务号TaskID包含了它所属的作业ID，同时也有任务ID，同时还保持了这是否是一个Map任务（成员变量isMap）。任务号的字符串表示为task_<jobtrackerID>_<jobNumber>_[m|r]_<taskNumber>，如task_200707121733_0003_m_000005表示作业200707121733_0003的000005号任务，改任务是一个Map任务。

一个任务有可能有多个执行（错误恢复/消除Stragglers等），所以必须区分任务的多个执行，这是通过类TaskAttemptID来完成，它在任务号的基础上添加了尝试号。一个任务尝试号的例子是attempt_200707121733_0003_m_000005_0，它是任务task_200707121733_0003_m_000005的第0号尝试。

JVMId用于管理任务执行过程中的Java虚拟机，我们后面再讨论。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/winHerson/blog/190579