Python学习之列表

1.List函数

List函数可以通过字符串来创建字符列表，如下面所示：

>>> list('Hello')
['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']

List函数可以用于所有类型的序列，并不局限于字符串。

2.列表的基本操作

2.1元素赋值

>>> x=[1,2,3]
>>> x[1]=4
>>> x
[1, 4, 3]

2.2删除元素

>>> x
[1, 4, 3]
>>> del x[1]
>>> x
[1, 3]

2.3分片赋值

>>> name=list('Perl')
>>> name
['P', 'e', 'r', 'l']
>>> name[2:]
['r', 'l']
>>> name[2:]=list('ar')
>>> name
['P', 'e', 'a', 'r']

>>> name
['P', 'e', 'a', 'r']
>>> name[2:]=list('nsil')
>>> name
['P', 'e', 'n', 's', 'i', 'l']
>>> name[1:1]=[1,2,3]
>>> name
['P', 1, 2, 3, 'e', 'n', 's', 'i', 'l']
>>> name[1:1]=list('123')
>>> name
['P', '1', '2', '3', 1, 2, 3, 'e', 'n', 's', 'i', 'l']
>>> name[1:4]=[]
>>> name
['P', 1, 2, 3, 'e', 'n', 's', 'i', 'l']

2.3append方法

>>> lst=[1,2,3]
>>> lst.append(4)
>>> lst
[1, 2, 3, 4]

2.4count方法

>>> ['sfdf','sfdf','sd','sd'].count('sd')
2
>>> x=[[1,2],1,1,[2,1,[1,2]]]
>>> x.count(1)
2

2.5extend方法

>>> a=[1,2,3]
>>> b=[4,5,6]
>>> a.extend(b)
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> b
[4, 5, 6]
>>> a+b
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6]
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> a=a+b
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6]

2.6 index方法

>>> knights=['we','are','the','knights','who','say','ni']
>>> knights.index('who')
4
>>> knights[4]
'who'

2.7 insert方法

>>> numbers=[1,2,3,4]
>>> numbers.insert(0,'aa')
>>> numbers
['aa', 1, 2, 3, 4]

2.8pop方法

>>> x=[1,2,3]
>>> x.pop()
3
>>> x
[1, 2]
>>> x.pop(0)
1
>>> x
[2]
>>> x=[1,2,3]
>>> x.append(x.pop())
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]
>>> x.pop(0)
1
>>> x.append(3)
>>> x
[2, 3, 3]

2.9remove方法

>>> x=['to','be','or','not','to','be']
>>> x.remove('be')
>>> x
['to', 'or', 'not', 'to', 'be']

2.10 reverse方法

>>> x=[1,2,3]
>>> x.reverse()
>>> x
[3, 2, 1]

2.11 sort方法

>>> x=[2,1,4,3,2,5]
>>> x.sort()
>>> x
[1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> x=[2,1,4,3,2,5]
>>> y=x[:]
>>> y.sort()
>>> x
[2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 5]
>>> y
[1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> x=[4,6,2,1,7,9]
>>> y=sorted(x)
>>> x
[4, 6, 2, 1, 7, 9]
>>> y
[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9]

>>> x=['qq','dfsfd','ssfd','sdfdfffff']
>>> x.sort(key=len)
>>> x
['qq', 'ssfd', 'dfsfd', 'sdfdfffff']
>>> x=[4,6,2,1,7,9]
>>> x.sort(reverse=True)
>>> x
[9, 7, 6, 4, 2, 1]

所有注意点尽在代码之中，仔细体会实践一遍即可，python的列表操作十分强大。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/zzw922cn/blog/531856