java之动态绑定（多态）、抽象类、接口【6】

一、动态绑定

指在执行期间（run,分配内存）而非编译期间判断所引用对象的实际类型，根据实际类型调用相关方法。

其存在的必要条件

• 要有继承
• 要有重写
• 父类引用指向子类对象

 

package practice;
class Animal{
	private String name;
	Animal(String name){
		this.name=name;
	}
	public void enjoy(){
		System.out.println("叫声........");
	}
}
class Cat extends Animal{
	private String eyescolor;
	Cat(String name,String color){
		super(name);
		this.eyescolor=color;
	}
	public void enjoy(){
		System.out.println("猫叫.........");
		
	}
}
class Dog extends Animal{
	private String furcolor;
	Dog(String name,String color){
		super(name);
		this.furcolor=color;
	}
	public void enjoy(){
		System.out.println("狗叫。。。。。。");
	}
}
class Lady{
	private String name;
	Animal pet;
	Lady(String name,Animal animal){
		this.name=name;
		this.pet=animal;
		
	}
	public void myPetEnjoy(){
		pet.enjoy();//根据new的对象来决定调用哪一个方法
	}
}
public class TestLady {
public static void main(String args[]){
	Cat cat=new Cat("mimi","black");
	Dog dog=new Dog("wangwang","white");
	Lady l1=new Lady("lili",cat);
	Lady l2=new Lady("wenwne",dog);
	l1.myPetEnjoy();
	l2.myPetEnjoy();
}
}
结果：猫叫.........
狗叫。。。。。。

共有三个enjoy()函数，所以myPetEnjoy()函数中具体调用哪一个enjoy（）函数由new的对象来决定

二、抽象类及抽象方法

• 抽象方法类似c++中的纯虚函数
• 含有抽象方法的类必须声明为抽象类
• 抽象类不能被实例化，也可以理解为没有构造函数，抽象方法必须被重写

package practice;
abstract class Animal{

    abstract void getinfo();
}
class Pig extends Animal{
	private String name;
	private int height;
	private int weight;
	Pig(String name, int height, int weight) {
		this.name=name;
		this.height=height;
		this.weight=weight;
	}
	

	void getinfo(){
		System.out.println("name:"+name+" "+"height:"+height+" "+"weight:"+weight);
	}
}
public class _abstract {
public static void main(String args[]){
	Pig pig=new Pig("lulu",20,30);
	pig.getinfo();
}
}
结果：name:lulu height:20 weight:30

三、接口

class<name>extends<superclass>implements<interfacename>

• 一种特殊的抽象类
• 只包含public static final常量和抽象方法，但是abstract可以省略

接口特性：

• 多重实现（一个类可以实现多继承）
• 接口中只能定义抽象方法，而且这些方法只能默认为public
• 接口可以继承其他接口

  package practice;
  interface Singer{
  	public  int age=20;
  	public void sing();
  	public void sleep();
  }
  interface  Painter{
  	public int age=30;
  	public void paint();
  	public void sleep1();
  }
    class People implements  Singer,Painter{
  
  	@Override
  	public void sing() {
  		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
  		System.out.println("I'm singing......");
  	}
  
  	@Override
  	public void sleep() {
  		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
  		System.out.println("I'm sleep......");
  		
  	}
  	@Override
  	public void paint() {
  		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
  		System.out.println("I'm sleeping....");
  	}
  
  	@Override
  	public void sleep1() {
  		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
  		System.out.println("You are sleeping...");
  	}
  	
  }
  public class TestInterface {
  public static void main(String args[]){
  	People people=new People();
  	people.sing();
  	people.sleep();
  	people.paint();
  	people.sleep1();
  }
  结果：I'm singing......
  I'm sleep......
  I'm sleeping....
  You are sleeping...
  

   

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/kongjunli/blog/731946