java实现动态绑定 条件_java之动态绑定（多态）、抽象类、接口【6】

一、动态绑定

指在执行期间(run,分配内存)而非编译期间判断所引用对象的实际类型，根据实际类型调用相关方法。

其存在的必要条件

要有继承

要有重写

父类引用指向子类对象

package practice;

class Animal{

private String name;

Animal(String name){

this.name=name;

}

public void enjoy(){

System.out.println("叫声........");

}

}

class Cat extends Animal{

private String eyescolor;

Cat(String name,String color){

super(name);

this.eyescolor=color;

}

public void enjoy(){

System.out.println("猫叫.........");

}

}

class Dog extends Animal{

private String furcolor;

Dog(String name,String color){

super(name);

this.furcolor=color;

}

public void enjoy(){

System.out.println("狗叫。。。。。。");

}

}

class Lady{

private String name;

Animal pet;

Lady(String name,Animal animal){

this.name=name;

this.pet=animal;

}

public void myPetEnjoy(){

pet.enjoy();//根据new的对象来决定调用哪一个方法

}

}

public class TestLady {

public static void main(String args[]){

Cat cat=new Cat("mimi","black");

Dog dog=new Dog("wangwang","white");

Lady l1=new Lady("lili",cat);

Lady l2=new Lady("wenwne",dog);

l1.myPetEnjoy();

l2.myPetEnjoy();

}

}

结果：猫叫.........

狗叫。。。。。。

共有三个enjoy()函数，所以myPetEnjoy()函数中具体调用哪一个enjoy()函数由new的对象来决定

二、抽象类及抽象方法

抽象方法类似c++中的纯虚函数

含有抽象方法的类必须声明为抽象类

抽象类不能被实例化，也可以理解为没有构造函数，抽象方法必须被重写

package practice;

abstract class Animal{

abstract void getinfo();

}

class Pig extends Animal{

private String name;

private int height;

private int weight;

Pig(String name, int height, int weight) {

this.name=name;

this.height=height;

this.weight=weight;

}

void getinfo(){

System.out.println("name:"+name+" "+"height:"+height+" "+"weight:"+weight);

}

}

public class _abstract {

public static void main(String args[]){

Pig pig=new Pig("lulu",20,30);

pig.getinfo();

}

}

结果：name:lulu height:20 weight:30

三、接口

classextendsimplements

一种特殊的抽象类

只包含public static final常量和抽象方法，但是abstract可以省略

接口特性：

多重实现(一个类可以实现多继承)

接口中只能定义抽象方法，而且这些方法只能默认为public

接口可以继承其他接口 package practice;

interface Singer{

public int age=20;

public void sing();

public void sleep();

}

interface Painter{

public int age=30;

public void paint();

public void sleep1();

}

class People implements Singer,Painter{

@Override

public void sing() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

System.out.println("I'm singing......");

}

@Override

public void sleep() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

System.out.println("I'm sleep......");

}

@Override

public void paint() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

System.out.println("I'm sleeping....");

}

@Override

public void sleep1() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

System.out.println("You are sleeping...");

}

}

public class TestInterface {

public static void main(String args[]){

People people=new People();

people.sing();

people.sleep();

people.paint();

people.sleep1();

}

结果：I'm singing......

I'm sleep......

I'm sleeping....

You are sleeping...