pip安装使用详解

pip类似RedHat里面的yum，安装Python包非常方便。本节详细介绍pip的安装、以及使用方法。

1、pip下载安装

1.1 pip下载

# wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate

# wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate

1.2 pip安装

# tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz

# cd pip-1.5.4

# python setup.py install

# tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz

# cd pip-1.5.4

# python setup.py install

2. pip使用详解

2.1 pip安装包

# pip install SomePackage

  [...]

  Successfully installed SomePackage

# pip install SomePackage

  [...]

  Successfully installed SomePackage

2.2 pip查看已安装的包

# pip show --files SomePackage

  Name: SomePackage

  Version: 1.0

  Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages

  Files:

   ../somepackage/__init__.py

   [...]

# pip show --files SomePackage

  Name: SomePackage

  Version: 1.0

  Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages

  Files:

   ../somepackage/__init__.py

   [...]

2.3 pip检查哪些包需要更新

# pip list --outdated

  SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)

# pip list --outdated

  SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)

2.4 pip升级包

# pip install --upgrade SomePackage

  [...]

  Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0

  Uninstalling SomePackage:

    Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

  Running setup.py install for SomePackage

  Successfully installed SomePackage

# pip install --upgrade SomePackage

  [...]

  Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0

  Uninstalling SomePackage:

    Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

  Running setup.py install for SomePackage

  Successfully installed SomePackage

2.5 pip卸载包

$ pip uninstall SomePackage

  Uninstalling SomePackage:

    /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage

  Proceed (y/n)? y

  Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

$ pip uninstall SomePackage

  Uninstalling SomePackage:

    /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage

  Proceed (y/n)? y

  Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

3. pip使用实例

3.1 安装redis

# pip install redis

1

# pip install redis

3.2 卸载redis

# pip uninstall redis

Uninstalling redis:

  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/redis-2.9.1-py2.6.egg-info

.....省略一些内容....

Proceed (y/n)? y

  Successfully uninstalled redis

# pip uninstall redis

Uninstalling redis:

  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/redis-2.9.1-py2.6.egg-info

.....省略一些内容....

Proceed (y/n)? y

  Successfully uninstalled redis

3.3 查看待更新包

pip list --outdate

pygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3)

pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.3.1)

iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4)

pip list --outdate

pygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3)

pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.3.1)

iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4)

4. 常见错误

4.1 ImportError No module named setuptools

请参考《ImportError No module named setuptools解决》

5. pip参数解释

# pip --help

Usage:   

  pip <command> [options]

Commands:

  install                     安装包.

  uninstall                   卸载包.

  freeze                      按着一定格式输出已安装包列表

  list                        列出已安装包.

  show                        显示包详细信息.

  search                      搜索包，类似yum里的search.

  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.

  zip                         不推荐. Zip individual packages.

  unzip                       不推荐. Unzip individual packages.

  bundle                      不推荐. Create pybundles.

  help                        当前帮助.

General Options:

  -h, --help                  显示帮助.

  -v, --verbose               更多的输出，最多可以使用3次

  -V, --version               现实版本信息然后退出.

  -q, --quiet                 最少的输出.

  --log-file <path>           覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志，默认文件：/root/.pip/pip.log

  --log <path>                不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.

  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.

  --timeout <sec>             连接超时时间 (默认15秒).

  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.

  --cert <path>               证书.

# pip --help

 

Usage:   

  pip <command> [options]

 

Commands:

  install                     安装包.

  uninstall                   卸载包.

  freeze                      按着一定格式输出已安装包列表

  list                        列出已安装包.

  show                        显示包详细信息.

  search                      搜索包，类似yum里的search.

  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.

  zip                         不推荐. Zip individual packages.

  unzip                       不推荐. Unzip individual packages.

  bundle                      不推荐. Create pybundles.

  help                        当前帮助.

 

General Options:

  -h, --help                  显示帮助.

  -v, --verbose               更多的输出，最多可以使用3次

  -V, --version               现实版本信息然后退出.

  -q, --quiet                 最少的输出.

  --log-file <path>           覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志，默认文件：/root/.pip/pip.log

  --log <path>                不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.

  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.

  --timeout <sec>             连接超时时间 (默认15秒).

  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.

  --cert <path>               证书.

6. 结束

安装使用一目了然，太简单了。

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