htop - interactive process viewer - 交互式进程查看器

htop - interactive process viewer - 交互式进程查看器

1. DESCRIPTION

Htop is a free (GPL) ncurses-based process viewer for Linux.
Htop 是 Linux 免费 (GPL) 的基于 ncurses 的进程查看器。

It is similar to top, but allows you to scroll vertically and horizontally, so you can see all the processes running on the system, along with their full command lines, as well as viewing them as a process tree, selecting multiple processes and acting on them all at once.
它与 top 类似，但是允许您垂直和水平滚动，因此您可以查看系统上运行的所有进程以及它们的完整命令行，以及将它们视为进程树，选择多个进程并对其进行操作。

Tasks related to processes (killing, renicing) can be done without entering their PIDs.
无需输入其 PID 即可完成与进程相关的任务 (killing, renicing)。

2. COLUMNS

The following columns can display data about each process. A value of - in all the rows indicates that a column is unsupported on your system, or currently unimplemented in htop. The names below are the ones used in the Available Columns section of the setup screen. If a different name is shown in htop’s main screen, it is shown below in parenthesis.
以下各列可以显示有关每个进程的数据。所有行中的值 - 表示系统上不支持该列，或者当前在 htop 中未实现该列。下面的名称是设置屏幕 Available Columns 部分中使用的名称。如果在 htop 的主屏幕中显示了其他名称，则该名称显示在下面的括号中。

parenthesis [pəˈrenθəsɪs]：n. 插入语，插入成分 n. 圆括号 n. 间歇，插曲

Command
The full command line of the process (i.e. program name and arguments).
进程的完整命令行 (即程序名称和参数)。

PID
The process ID. - 进程 ID。

PPID
The parent process ID. - 父进程 ID。

PGRP
The process’s group ID. - 进程的组 ID。

SESSION (SESN)
The process’s session ID. - 进程的会话 ID。

STATE (S)
The state of the process (进程状态):
S for sleeping (idle) - 睡眠 (空闲)
R for running - 运行
D for disk sleep (uninterruptible) - 磁盘睡眠 (不间断)
Z for zombie (waiting for parent to read its exit status) - 僵尸 (等待父母读取其退出状态)
T for traced or suspended (e.g by SIGTSTP) - 跟踪或暂停的 T (例如 SIGTSTP)
W for paging - 分页

uninterruptible [,ʌnɪntə'rʌptɪb(ə)l]：adj. 不间断的
zombie [ˈzɒmbi]：n. 麻木迟钝的人，僵尸，(黑客用的) 肉机，还魂神力鸡尾酒，蛇神

TTY_NR (TTY)
The controlling terminal of the process. - 进程的控制终端。

TPGID
The process ID of the foreground process group of the controlling terminal. - 控制终端的前台进程组的进程 ID。

MINFLT
The number of page faults happening in the main memory. - 主存储器中发生的页面错误数。

CMINFLT
The number of minor faults for the process’s waited-for children (see MINFLT above). - 进程的等待子进程的次要错误数 (see MINFLT above)。

MAJFLT
The number of page faults happening out of the main memory. - 发生在主存储器之外的页面错误数。

CMAJFLT
The number of major faults for the process’s waited-for children (see MAJFLT above). - 进程的等待子进程的主要故障数 (see MAJFLT above)。

UTIME (UTIME+)
The user CPU time, which is the amount of time the process has spent executing on the CPU in user mode (i.e. everything but system calls), measured in clock ticks.
用户 CPU 时间，即进程在用户模式下 (即系统调用以外的所有时间) 在 CPU 上执行所花费的时间，以时钟周期为单位。

STIME (STIME+)
The system CPU time, which is the amount of time the kernel has spent executing system calls on behalf of the process, measured in clock ticks.
系统 CPU 时间，即内核代表进程花费在执行系统调用上的时间，以时钟周期为单位。

CUTIME (CUTIME+)
The children’s user CPU time, which is the amount of time the process’s waited-for children have spent executing in user mode (see UTIME above).
子级用户的 CPU 时间，即进程的等待子级在用户模式下执行所花费的时间 (请参见上面的 UTIME)。

CSTIME (CSTIME+)
The children’s system CPU time, which is the amount of time the kernel has spent executing system calls on behalf of all the process’s waited-for children (see STIME above).
子级系统的 CPU 时间，即内核代表所有进程的等待子级执行系统调用所花费的时间 (请参见上面的 STIME)。

PRIORITY (PRI)
The kernel’s internal priority for the process, usually just its nice value plus twenty. Different for real-time processes.
内核对该进程的内部优先级，通常仅是其 nice value 加 20。实时进程有所不同。

NICE (NI)
The nice value of a process, from 19 (low priority) to -20 (high priority). A high value means the process is being nice, letting others have a higher relative priority. The usual OS permission restrictions for adjusting priority apply.
进程的 nice value，从 19 (低优先级) 到 -20 (高优先级)。较高的值表示进程很友好，让其他具有较高的相对优先级。适用于调整优先级的常规 OS 权限限制。

nice [naɪs]：adj. 精密的，美好的，细微的，和蔼的
restriction [rɪˈstrɪkʃn]：n. 限制，约束，束缚
priority [praɪˈɒrəti]：n. 优先，优先权，优先次序，优先考虑的事

STARTTIME (START)
The time the process was started.
该进程开始的时间。

PROCESSOR (CPU)
The ID of the CPU the process last executed on.
上一次执行该进程的 CPU 的 ID。

M_SIZE (VIRT)
The size of the virtual memory of the process.
进程的虚拟内存的大小。

M_RESIDENT (RES)
The resident set size (text + data + stack) of the process (i.e. the size of the process’s used physical memory).
进程的常驻集大小 (text + data + stack) (即进程使用的物理内存的大小)。

M_SHARE (SHR)
The size of the process’s shared pages.
进程共享页面的大小。

M_TRS (CODE)
The text resident set size of the process (i.e. the size of the process’s executable instructions).
进程的文本常驻集大小 (即进程的可执行指令的大小)。

M_DRS (DATA)
The data resident set size (data + stack) of the process (i.e. the size of anything except the process’s executable instructions).
进程的数据常驻集大小 (数据 + 堆栈) (即，除了进程的可执行指令以外的任何东西的大小)。

M_LRS (LIB)
The library size of the process.
进程的库大小。

M_DT (DIRTY)
The size of the dirty pages of the process.
进程的脏页的大小。

ST_UID (UID)
The user ID of the process owner.
进程所有者的用户标识。

PERCENT_CPU (CPU%)
The percentage of the CPU time that the process is currently using.
进程当前正在使用的 CPU 时间的百分比。

PERCENT_MEM (MEM%)
The percentage of memory the process is currently using (based on the process’s resident memory size, see M_RESIDENT above).
进程当前正在使用的内存百分比 (基于进程的驻留内存大小，请参见上面的 M_RESIDENT)。

USER
The username of the process owner, or the user ID if the name can’t be determined.
进程所有者的用户名，或用户 ID (如果无法确定名称)。

TIME (TIME+)
The time, measured in clock ticks that the process has spent in user and system time (see UTIME, STIME above).
该进程用时钟滴答表示的时间，该时间花费在该进程中的用户和系统时间 (请参见上面的 UTIME，STIME)。

NLWP
The number of threads in the process.
进程中的线程数。

TGID
The thread group ID.
线程组 ID。

CTID
OpenVZ container ID, a.k.a virtual environment ID.
OpenVZ 容器 ID，又称虚拟环境 ID。

VPID
OpenVZ process ID.

VXID
VServer process ID.

RCHAR (RD_CHAR)
The number of bytes the process has read.
进程已读取的字节数。

WCHAR (WR_CHAR)
The number of bytes the process has written.
进程已写入的字节数。

SYSCR (RD_SYSC)
The number of read(2) syscalls for the process.
进程的 read(2) 系统调用数。

SYSCW (WR_SYSC)
The number of write(2) syscalls for the process.
进程的 write(2) 系统调用数。

RBYTES (IO_RBYTES)
Bytes of read(2) I/O for the process.
进程的 read(2) I/O 字节。

WBYTES (IO_WBYTES)
Bytes of write(2) I/O for the process.
进程的 write(2) I/O 字节。

CNCLWB (IO_CANCEL)
Bytes of cancelled write(2) I/O.
取消的 write(2) I/O 的字节数。

IO_READ_RATE (DISK READ)
The I/O rate of read(2) in bytes per second, for the process.

IO_WRITE_RATE (DISK WRITE)
The I/O rate of write(2) in bytes per second, for the process.

IO_RATE (DISK R/W)
The I/O rate, IO_READ_RATE + IO_WRITE_RATE (see above).

CGROUP
Which cgroup the process is in.
该进程在哪个 cgroup 中。

OOM
OOM killer score.

IO_PRIORITY (IO)
The I/O scheduling class followed by the priority if the class supports it (I/O 调度类，如果支持的话，后面是优先级):
R for Realtime
B for Best-effort
id for Idle

All other flags
Currently unsupported (always displays -).

Memory sizes in htop are displayed as they are in tools from the GNU Coreutils (when ran with the --human-readable option). This means that sizes are printed in powers of 1024. (e.g., 1023M = 1072693248 Bytes)
将显示 htop 中的内存大小，就像它们在 GNU Coreutils 中的工具中一样 (当使用 --human-read 选项运行时)。这意味着大小以 1024 的幂次打印。(e.g., 1023M = 1072693248 Bytes)

3. COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
长选项的强制性参数对于短选项也是必需的。

mandatory [ˈmændətəri; mænˈdeɪtəri]：adj. 强制的，托管的，命令的 n. 受托者 (等于 mandatary)
monochrome [ˈmɒnəkrəʊm]：n. 黑白照片，单色照片 (画)，黑白重现，单色复制 adj. 单色的，黑白的

-d --delay=DELAY
Delay between updates, in tenths of seconds
更新之间的延迟，以十分之一秒为单位

-C --no-color --no-colour
Start htop in monochrome mode
在单色模式下启动 htop

-h --help
Display a help message and exit
显示帮助信息并退出

-p --pid=PID,PID…
Show only the given PIDs
仅显示给定的 PID

-s --sort-key COLUMN
Sort by this column (use --sort-key help for a column list)
按此列排序 (use --sort-key help for a column list)

-u --user=USERNAME
Show only the processes of a given user
仅显示给定用户的进程

-v --version
Output version information and exit
输出版本信息并退出