Hadoop基础教程-第1章环境安装配置（1.4 CentOS 基本配置）

程裕强

已于 2023-09-24 22:38:48 修改

阅读量2.3k

点赞数 1

分类专栏： Hadoop基础教程 Hadoop基础教程文章标签： centos 基本配置 JDK

于 2017-05-07 20:49:16 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/chengyuqiang/article/details/71372132

版权

Hadoop基础教程同时被 2 个专栏收录

117 篇文章 23 订阅

订阅专栏

Hadoop基础教程

82 篇文章 87 订阅

订阅专栏

第1章环境安装配置

1.4 CentOS 基本配置

1、修改hosts

vi /etc/hosts

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.80.131   node1
192.168.80.132   node2
192.168.80.133   node3

或者

[root@localhost ~]# echo '192.168.80.101 node1' >> /etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.80.101 node1

2、修改主机名

永久修改主机名（需要重启）
vi /etc/hostname

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hostname

首先删除主机名默认值localhost.localdomain，然后修改为node1

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hostname
node1

修改临时主机名（避免重启）

[root@localhost ~]# hostname node1

这是只要重新打开一个Shell即可看到修改的临时主机名
XShell重新链接node1

这里写图片描述

这里写图片描述
即可发现主机名已经和永久主机名相同。

2017-06-29更新
可以通过命令hostnamectl set-hostname
永久修改主机名，无需编辑文件

[root@abc ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node1
[root@abc ~]# hostname
node1
[root@abc ~]# cat /etc/hostname
node1

3、更换镜像源

1)先安装wget
执行命令 yum install -y wget

[root@node1 ~]# yum install -y wget

1. 查询国内镜像源

打开阿里镜像http://mirrors.aliyun.com/

这里写图片描述

3）下载CentOS 7的repo文件
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

[root@node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2017-05-07 09:21:28--  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 115.28.122.210, 112.124.140.210
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|115.28.122.210|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2573 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’

100%[==============================================================================>] 2,573       --.-K/s   in 0s      

2017-05-07 09:21:28 (279 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2573/2573]

2018-08-11更新
如果没有安装wget，可以直接使用curl命令

[root@node1 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
102  2572  102  2572    0     0    499      0  0:00:05  0:00:05 --:--:-- 49461
[root@node1 ~]#

4）更新镜像源
yum clean all：清除缓存
yum makecache：生成缓存

[root@node1 ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@node1 ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base                                                                                                                                                                  | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                                                                | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                                                               | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
(1/12): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                                                                        | 155 kB  00:00:00     
(2/12): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                                  | 770 kB  00:00:02     
(3/12): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                    | 151 kB  00:00:00     
(4/12): extras/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                                      | 640 kB  00:00:07     
(5/12): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db 
.......省略

4、关闭防护墙和selinux

执行命令：
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

补充：CentOS 6 关闭防火墙

[root@node1 ~]# service iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
[root@node1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off

执行命令：
setenforce 0
vi /etc/selinux/config

[root@node1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config

修改：SELINUX=disabled
这里写图片描述

或者使用sed命令直接修改

[root@node1 ~]# sed -i "s#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g" /etc/selinux/config

5、安装vim

[root@node1 ~]# yum install -y vim
[root@node1 ~]# vi .bashrc
# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias vi='vim'

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi
[root@node1 ~]# source ~/.bashrc

再次编辑bashrc，会发现vi实际上使用的vim
这里写图片描述

6、安装SSH

yum install -y openssh-clients

[root@node1 ~]# yum install -y openssh-clients

7、安装JDK

1）首先在宿主机下载好JDK
2）通过Xftp上传JDK到虚拟机

这里写图片描述

[root@node1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  jdk-8u112-linux-x64.tar.gz

将软件包解压缩到/opt目录
tar -zxvf jdk-8u112-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt

[root@node1 ~]# tar -zxvf jdk-8u112-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt

[root@node1 ~]# ls /opt/jdk1.8.0_112/
bin  COPYRIGHT  db  include  javafx-src.zip  jre  lib  LICENSE  man  README.html  release  src.zip  THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt  THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt

复制jdk的根目录/opt/jdk1.8.0_112，下面配置环境变量将使用到。
编辑环境变量
vi /etc/profile.d/custom.sh

[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/profile.d/custom.sh
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/custom.sh
#!/bin/bash
#java path
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_112
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib

使生效
source /etc/profile.d/custom.sh

[root@node1 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/custom.sh

查看JDK版本

[root@node1 ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_112"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_112-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.112-b15, mixed mode)

2023-09-24遇到问题

[root@node1 opt]# java -version
-bash: /opt/jdk1.8.0_381/bin/java: /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: 没有那个文件或目录

原因，下载了32位的JDK

[root@node1 opt]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root       4096 9月  24 10:30 jdk1.8.0_381
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  142711034 9月  24 10:29 jdk-8u381-linux-i586.tar.gz
[root@node1 opt]#

解决办法，重新下载64位版本的JDK：jdk-8u381-linux-x64.tar.gz