Java设计模式 之 命令模式

1      从属模式分类

行为性模式

2      命令模式意图

命令模式可将动作的请求者和动作的执行者对象中解耦。

该模式将一个行为操作发起者的请求封装到对象中，该请求由另外一个对象执行。

将动作封装成命令对象，这样一来就可以随心所欲的储存、传递、调用。

做多件事，有多种做法。

3      命令模式结构

4      命令模式代码实现

这里假设有一个需要编程实现功能的遥控器，一共有10组开关按钮需要编程来实现不同的控制逻辑。比如说第一组开关可控制客厅的电灯的开关，第二组开关按钮可控制车库门的升起和落下，使用命令模式代码如下：

4.1    ICommon.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 命令接口  * @author Administrator  */   public interface ICommand {         // 执行     public void execute();         // 撤销     public void undo();     }

4.2    Light.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 电灯  * @author Administrator  */   public class Light {         private Stringname;         public Light(String name){        this.name = name;     }         public void on(){        System.out.println(name +" light is on!");     }         public void off(){        System.out.println(name +" light is off!");     }   }

 

4.3    LightOnCommand.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   public class LightOnCommand implements ICommand {         private Lightlight;         public LightOnCommand(Light light){        this.light = light;     }       @Override     public void execute() {        light.on();     }       @Override     public void undo() {        light.off();     } }

4.4    LightOffCommand.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 关灯  * @author Administrator  *  */   public class LightOffCommand implements ICommand {         private Lightlight;         public LightOffCommand(Light light){        this.light = light;     }       @Override     public void execute() {        light.off();     }       @Override     public void undo() {        light.on();     } }

4.5    Stereo.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 音响  * @author Administrator  */   public class Stereo {         private Stringname;         public Stereo(String name){        this.name = name;     }         public void on(){        System.out.println(name +" is on!");     }         public void off(){        System.out.println(name +" is off!");     }         public void setCd(){        System.out.println(name +" setCd!");     }         public void setDvd(){        System.out.println(name +" setDvd!");     }         public void setRadio(){        System.out.println(name +" setRadio!");     }       public void setVolume(int size){        System.out.println(name +" setVolume is "+ size +"!");     } }

4.6    StereoOffWithCDCommand.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 关闭音响  * @author Administrator  *  */   public class StereoOffWithCDCommand implements ICommand {         private Stereostereo;         public StereoOffWithCDCommand(Stereo stereo){        this.stereo = stereo;     }       @Override     public void execute() {        stereo.off();     }       @Override     public void undo() {        stereo.setCd();        stereo.setVolume(11);        stereo.on();     }   }

4.7    StereoOnWithCDCommand.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 打开音响  * @author Administrator  *  */   public class StereoOnWithCDCommand implements ICommand {         private Stereostereo;         public StereoOnWithCDCommand(Stereo stereo){        this.stereo = stereo;     }       @Override     public void execute() {        stereo.setCd();        stereo.setVolume(11);        stereo.on();     }       @Override     public void undo() {        stereo.off();     } }

4.8    GarageDoor.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 车库实体类  * @author Administrator  *  */   public class GarageDoor {         private Stringname;         public GarageDoor(String name){        this.name = name;     }         public void up(){        System.out.println(name +" is up!");     }         public void down(){        System.out.println(name +" is down!");     }   }

4.9    GarageDoorUpCommand.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 车库门升起  * @author Administrator  */   public class GarageDoorUpCommand implements ICommand {         private GarageDoorgarageDoor;         public GarageDoorUpCommand(GarageDoor garageDoor){        this.garageDoor = garageDoor;     }       @Override     public void execute() {        garageDoor.up();     }       @Override     public void undo() {        garageDoor.down();     }   }

4.10       GarageDoorDownCommand.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 车库们落下  * @author Administrator  */   public class GarageDoorDownCommand implements ICommand {         private GarageDoorgarageDoor;         public GarageDoorDownCommand(GarageDoor garageDoor){        this.garageDoor = garageDoor;     }       @Override     public void execute() {        garageDoor.down();     }       @Override     public void undo() {        garageDoor.up();     }   }

4.11       NoCommand.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 空命令  * @author Administrator  *  */   public class NoCommand implements ICommand {       @Override     public void execute() {}       @Override     public void undo() {}   }

4.12       RemoteControl.java

package com.gof.pattern.command;   /**  * 遥控器  * @author Administrator  */   public class RemoteControl {         private ICommand[]onCommands;         private ICommand[]offCommands;         private ICommandundoCommand;         // 初始化遥控器按钮功能     public RemoteControl(){        onCommands = new ICommand[7];        offCommands = new ICommand[7];        ICommand noCommand = new NoCommand();        for(int i=0; i<7; i++){            onCommands[i] = noCommand;            offCommands[i] = noCommand;        }        undoCommand = noCommand;     }         public void setCommand(int slot, ICommand onCommand, ICommand offCommand){        onCommands[slot] = onCommand;        undoCommand.undo();        offCommands[slot] = offCommand;     }         // 按某个位置，on按钮     public void onButtonWasPushed(int solt){        onCommands[solt].execute();        undoCommand = onCommands[solt];     }         // 按某个位置，off按钮     public void offButtonWasPushed(int solt){        offCommands[solt].execute();        undoCommand = offCommands[solt];     }         // 按undo按钮     public void undoButtonWasPushed(){       }         @Override     public String toString(){        StringBuffer stringBuff = new StringBuffer();        stringBuff.append("\n------ Remote Control ------\n");        for(int i=0; i<onCommands.length; i++){            stringBuff.append("[solt "+ i +"]" +onCommands[i].getClass().getName() +                   "    " +offCommands[i].getClass().getName() +"\n");        }        return stringBuff.toString();     }   }

4.13       RemoteLoader.java 遥控器测试类

package com.gof.pattern.command;   public class RemoteLoader {       public static void main(String[] args) {               // 创建一个遥控器        RemoteControl remoteControl = new RemoteControl();               // 将所有装置创建在合适位置        Light livingRoomLight = new Light("Living Room");        Light kitchenLight = new Light("Kitchen");        GarageDoor garageDoor = new GarageDoor("");        Stereo stereo = new Stereo("Living Room");               // 创建所有电灯命令对象        ICommand livingRoomLightOn = new LightOnCommand(livingRoomLight);        ICommand livingRoomLightOff = new LightOffCommand(livingRoomLight);        ICommand kitchenLightOn = new LightOnCommand(kitchenLight);        ICommand kigcchenLightOff = newLightOffCommand(kitchenLight);        // 创建车库门上下命令对象        ICommand garageDoorUp = new GarageDoorUpCommand(garageDoor);        ICommand garageDoorDown = new GarageDoorDownCommand(garageDoor);        // 创建音响开关命令对象        ICommand stereoOnWithCDCommand = new StereoOnWithCDCommand(stereo);        ICommand stereoOffWithCdCommand = new StereoOffWithCDCommand(stereo);               // 为遥控器某个位置设置命令        remoteControl.setCommand(0, livingRoomLightOn, livingRoomLightOff);        remoteControl.setCommand(1, kitchenLightOn, kigcchenLightOff);        remoteControl.setCommand(2, garageDoorUp, garageDoorDown);        remoteControl.setCommand(3, stereoOnWithCDCommand, stereoOffWithCdCommand);               System.out.println(remoteControl);               // 我们按下遥控器上的1，2，3，4开关按钮测试        remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0);        remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0);               remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(1);        remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(1);               remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(2);        remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(2);               remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(3);        remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(3);               remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed();     } }

 

5      命令模式总结

5.1    优点

降低了决策逻辑的复杂性

提供了可扩展能力

能够方便地提供撤销操作

能够将多个命令放在一个队列中

能够在不同的线程或远程执行命令

5.2    缺点

在对象的创建、销毁及使用过程中可能会增加系统开销

使应用程序的结构更加复杂

5.3    指导原则

封装变化

多用组合，少用继承

针对接口编程，不针对实现编程

为交互对象之间松耦合设计而努力

类应该对扩展开发，对修改关闭

依赖抽象，不依赖具体类

命令模式：将请求封装成对象，这可以让你使用不同的请求、队列、或者日志请求来参数化其它对象。命令模式也可以支持撤销操作。