使用Android Studio查看Android源码

Android Studio

作为Google的亲儿子,Nexus手机系列所收到的待遇大家有目共睹.Android5.0出来之后,Nexus5第一时间就升级到了最新的系统.那么作为Google亲儿子的Android Studio同样备受Google的重视,我也是第一时间从Eclipse转投到了Android Studio的怀抱中,从最初的测试版本一路升级到现在的1.0正式版本(今天发布了1.0.2,果断已经升级了),关于Android Studio的好处我就不用说了,下面两点就足矣让你转投Android Studio了:

• Android Studio是Google官方指定的,目前官网已经去掉了ADT, 大家可以在Android开发者官网 中进行查看,目前只有Android Studio提供下载了.
• Google也表示ADT不再进行维护了.

转投Android Studio时大势所趋,网上关于如何使用Android Studio的帖子也是满天飞,所以我就不再啰嗦夸奖Android Studio了.看一下下面的图,估计你就会很有欲望了.想查看详细的内容,可以查看Android Studio官方文档

Android Studio Preview

Android 5.0 : Lollipop

Android Lollipop是Google在今年推出的,关于Lollipop的详细介绍可以查看Lollipop官方介绍 ,我也就不多说了.作为一个开发者,我们不应该停留在表面(即Lollipop的绚丽的界面,和新奇的设计语言Material design),我们更要了解其中的原理.

准备工作

在使用Android Studio查看源码之前,你需要做下面几件事:

• 下载Android Lollipop源码(当然不一定非要是Lollipop源码,其他的版本也是可以的)
• 进行过一次完整编译(不编译是无法进行源码导入工作的)

以上操作可以参考Google 官方教程 以确保万无一失(呵呵).上面的几个链接需要翻墙才可以访问,不过有兴趣看这篇文章的人,大部分应该都是知道VPN的.或者没有VPN不会翻墙的,速度去卖一个VPN,能花钱解决的事情,就不要花时间.

开始

• 进入Android 源码根目录
• 修改development/tools/idegen/excluded-paths，防止加载过多目录

  # Default Idegen excluded paths file. Contains regular expressions, one per
  # line, which match paths of directories and .jar files that should be excluded
  # from the IDE configuration.
  #
  # We want to exclude as litte as possible by default, so it's important to
  # document the reason for each exclusion.
  #
  # Developers can also create an 'excluded-paths' file in the project's root
  # directory and add their own excludes to slim down their build.
  #
  # Currently, we lump all the .java files together into one big module, so you
  # can't have two classes with the same name at once. In the future, we'll
  # generate individual modules, each with their own dependencies, much like the
  # build, so we won't have to worry about duplicate names any more than the
  # build does.
  #
  # Note: Google-specific excludes go in vendor/google/excluded-paths.
  
  # Generated API stubs. We only want the originals in our IDE.
  android_stubs
  
  # Extra copies of JUnit.
  ^dalvik/dx/src/junit$
  ^dalvik/libcore/luni/src/test/java/junit$
  
  # Duplicate R.java files. We'll keep the versions from the "intermediates"
  # directories.
  ^out/target/common/R$
  
  # Not actually built. Also disabled in make file.
  ^development/samples/MySampleRss$
  ^development/apps/OBJViewer$
  ^packages/apps/IM/samples/PluginDemo$
  
  # We don't currently support development tool source code. Development tools
  # typically have their own IDE configurations anyway.
  #
  # The main problem is that the development tools are meant to run against a
  # fully featured desktop VM while almost everything in our IDE configuration
  # is meant to run against Android's more limited APIs. Mixing the two
  # environments in one IDE configuration doesn't work well.
  ^development/tools$
  ^external/jdiff$
  ^external/emma$
  ^external/clearsilver$
  layoutlib
  ^prebuilt/.*\.jar$
  ^dalvik/.*\.jar$
  ^build/tools/droiddoc$
  
  # Each test has a Main.java in the default package, so they conflict with
  # each other.
  ^dalvik/tests$
  
  # We can only support one policy impl at a time.
  ^frameworks/policies/base/mid$
  #^frameworks/policies/base/phone$
  
  # We don't want compiled jars.
  ^out/.*\.jar$
  
  # This directory contains only an R.java file which is the same as the one in
  # Camera_intermediates.
  ^out/target/common/obj/APPS/CameraTests_intermediates$
  
  # Exclude all prebuilts jars.
  ^prebuilts/.*\.jar$
  
  #add by zhangwenchao for frameworks
  ^art$
  ^bionic$
  ^bootable$
  ^build$
  ^compatibility$
  ^cts$
  ^dalvik$
  ^developers$
  ^development$
  ^device$
  ^docs$
  ^external$
  ^frameworks/av$
  ^frameworks/compile$
  ^frameworks/data-binding$
  ^frameworks/ex$
  ^frameworks/hardware$
  ^frameworks/layoutlib$
  ^frameworks/minikin$
  ^frameworks/ml$
  ^frameworks/multidex$
  ^frameworks/native$
  ^frameworks/opt$
  ^frameworks/rs$
  ^frameworks/support$
  ^frameworks/webview$
  ^frameworks/wilhelm$
  ^frameworks/base/apct-tests$
  ^frameworks/base/api$
  ^frameworks/base/cmds$
  ^frameworks/base/config$
  ^frameworks/base/data$
  ^frameworks/base/docs$
  ^frameworks/base/drm$
  ^frameworks/base/legacy-test$
  ^frameworks/base/libs$
  ^frameworks/base/samples$
  ^frameworks/base/test-runner$
  ^frameworks/base/tests$
  ^frameworks/base/tools$
  ^frameworks/base/core/tests$
  ^frameworks/base/packages$
  ^frameworks/base/services/tests$
  ^hardware$
  ^kernel$
  ^libcore$
  ^libnativehelper$
  ^out$
  ^packages$
  ^pdk$
  ^platform_testing$
  ^prebuilts$
  ^sdk$
  ^shortcut-fe$
  ^system$
  ^test$
  ^toolchain$
  ^tools$
  ^vendor$
  # need modify
  ^out-PD1806MA$

• 执行
  mmm development/tools/idegen/
  这行命令的意思是编译idegen这个项目,生成idegen.jar文件.生成成功后,会显示这个jar包的位置,并显示 #### make completed successfully (43 seconds) #### ,如果编译失败了,后面会讲到这种情况(比较少见)
• 执行
  sh ./development/tools/idegen/idegen.sh
  这行命令的意思是生成对应的文件:android.iws, android.ipr, android.iml .如果生成失败,后面也会讲到这种情况.
• 生成对应的文件后,打开Android Studio,选择打开一个现有的Android Studio项目,选择Android源码的根目录,导入即可(起作用的是android.irp文件).在配置sdk版本之后就可以查看Android 源码了.
• 已经完成了,没有下一步了.

问题

• 执行第一个命令的时候编译不过,出现这种情况的原因有好几种:

  • Android 源码没有下载完全
  • 没有进行全部编译

  • 环境变量配置有问题

    解决方法依问题而定,网上对应的帖子很多,可以自己去找. 推荐这种问题还是去Google 和StackOverFlow 上去问.

• 执行第二个命令的时候,碰到下面的问题:

  Exception in thread "main" java.io.FileNotFoundException: ./out/target/product/hammerhead/obj/GYP/shared_intermediates/res.java (Is a directory)
  at java.io.FileInputStream.open(Native Method)
  at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:138)
  at java.io.FileReader.<init>(FileReader.java:72)
  at Configuration.parsePackageName(Configuration.java:204)
  at Configuration.rootOf(Configuration.java:180)
  at Configuration.traverse(Configuration.java:140)
  at Configuration.traverse(Configuration.java:167)
  at Configuration.traverse(Configuration.java:167)
  at Configuration.traverse(Configuration.java:167)
  at Configuration.traverse(Configuration.java:167)
  at Configuration.traverse(Configuration.java:167)
  at Configuration.traverse(Configuration.java:167)
  at Configuration.traverse(Configuration.java:167)
  at Configuration.<init>(Configuration.java:72)
  at Main.main(Main.java:37)

  解决办法是将
  ./out/target/product/hammerhead/obj/GYP/shared_intermediates/res.java
  修改为:
  ./out/target/product/hammerhead/obj/GYP/shared_intermediates/res.j
  即可.

后记

使用Android Studio看Android源码很爽，下面是他们的优缺点：

优点

• 和Android 完美结合
• 代码提示很全
• 代码跳转很强
• IDE比Eclipse好看(我说的是黑色主题)
• 插件很强大(底层是IDEA你懂得)
• 免费(SourceInsight负分,啥?你用的破解版? 当我没说)

缺点

• 对C＋＋代码的支持不是很好
• 有一定的上手难度

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/chaoge/blog/803615