String 类的编写：1.各种运算符的重载 2.用引用计数来实现String类

1.各种运算符的重载

/*1.String 类的编写(主要是写运算符+  +=  -  >  <  >=  <=的重载)：
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class String;
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,const String &s);
class String
{
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,const String &s);
public:
	String(const char *str="")
	{
		if(str==NULL)
		{
			data=new char[1];
			data[0]='\0';
		}
		else
		{
			data=new char[strlen(str)+1];
			strcpy(data,str);
		}
	}
	String(const String &s)
	{
		data=new char(strlen(s.data)+1);
		strcpy(data,s.data);
	}
	String& operator=(const String &s)//深赋值
	{
		if(this!=&s)
		{
			delete[]data;//1.释放原有空间
			data=new char[strlen(s.data)+1];//2.开辟新空间
			strcpy(data,s.data);//3.进行拷贝

		}
		return *this;//4.返回*this
	}
	~String()
	{
		
		delete[]data;
		data=NULL;

	}
public:
	String operator+(const String &s)
	{
		int len;
		char *str=NULL;
		len=strlen(data)+strlen(s.data)+1;
		str=new char[len];
		strcpy(str,data);
		strcat(str,s.data);
		return String(str);	

	}
	/*String operator-(const String &s)
	{
		int i=0;
		int len;
		char *str1,*str2;
		char *str=NULL;
		str1=data;
		str2=s.data;
		len=strlen(data)-strlen(s.data)+1;
		str=new char[len];
		while(*str1!='\0')
		{
			if(*str1==*str2)
			{
				str1++;
				str2++;
			}
			else
			{
			  str[i++]=*str1;
			  str1++;
			}
		}
		str[len-1]='\0';//必须写，如果不写后面就是乱码
		return String(str);		
	}
	String& operator+=(const String &s)
	{
		char *str;
		str=new char[strlen(data)+strlen(s.data)+1];
		strcpy(str,data);
		delete []data;
		strcat(str,s.data);
		data=str;
		return *this;
		
	}
	
	bool operator>(const String &s)
	{
		int n1=strlen(data);
		int n2=strlen(s.data);
		if(n1>n2)
	     return true;
		else if(n1<n2)
			return false;
		else
		{
			char *str1=data;
			char *str2=s.data;
			while(*str1!='\0'&&*str2!='\0')
			{
				if(*str1>*str2)
				{
					return true;
				}
				str1++;
				str2++;
			}
			if(*str1=='\0'&&*str2=='\0')
				return false;

			

		}
		
	}
		
	bool operator<(const String &s)
	{
		int n1=strlen(data);
		int n2=strlen(s.data);
		if(n1<n2)
	     return true;
		else if(n1>n2)
			return false;
		else
		{
			char *str1=data;
			char *str2=s.data;
			while(*str1!='\0'&&*str2!='\0')
			{
				if(*str1<*str2)
				{
					return true;
				}
				str1++;
				str2++;
			}
			if(*str1=='\0'&&*str2=='\0')
				return false;		

		}
		
	}
	bool operator>=(const String &s)
	{
		int n1=strlen(data);
		int n2=strlen(s.data);
		if(n1>n2)
	     return true;
		else if(n1<n2)
			return false;
		else
		{
			char *str1=data;
			char *str2=s.data;
			while(*str1!='\0'&&*str2!='\0'&&*str1==*str2)
			{
				str1++;
				str2++;
			}
			if(*str1=='\0'&&*str2=='\0')
				return true;
			else
			  return false;

		}
		
	}
	bool operator<=(const String &s)
	{
		int n1=strlen(data);
		int n2=strlen(s.data);
		if(n1<n2)
	     return true;
		else if(n1>n2)
			return false;
		else
		{
			char *str1=data;
			char *str2=s.data;
			while(*str1!='\0'&&*str2!='\0'&&*str1==*str2)
			{
				str1++;
				str2++;
			}
			if(*str1=='\0'&&*str2=='\0')
				return true;
			else
			  return false;

		}

	}
	
	bool operator==(const String &s)
	{
		char *str1=data;
		char *str2=s.data;
		while(*str1!=NULL&&*str2!=NULL&&*str1==*str2)
		{
			str1++;
			str2++;
		}
		if(*str1=='\0'&&*str2=='\0')
			return true;
		else
			return false;
	}
	bool operator!=(const String &s)
	{
		char *str1=data;
		char *str2=s.data;
		while(*str1!='\0'&&*str2!='\0'&&*str1==*str2)
		{
			str1++;
			str2++;
		}	
		if(*str1=='\0'&&*str2=='\0')
			return false;
		else
			return true;

	}
private:
	char *data;

};
int main()
{
	//String s1("abc");
	//String s2("123");
	//cout<<"s1+s2="<<s1+s2;
	String s1("eefe");
	String s2("fefe");
	/*if(s1!=s2)
	{
		cout<<"不相等"<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"相等"<<endl;

	}*/
	/*
	if(s1==s2)
	{
		cout<<"相等"<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"不相等"<<endl;
	}
	
	if(s1>s2)
	{
		cout<<"大于"<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"不大于"<<endl;
	}*/
	//cout<<"s1-s2="<<s1-s2;
	
	/*
	if(s1<s2)
	{
		cout<<"小于"<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"不小于"<<endl;
	}*/
	/*
	if(s1>=s2)
	{
		cout<<"符合大于等于"<<endl;
	}
	else
		cout<<"不符合大于等于"<<endl;
	return 0;*/
	/*
	if(s1<=s2)
	{
		cout<<"符合小于等于"<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"不符合小于等于"<<endl;
	}
	
	s1+=s2;
	cout<<s1<<endl;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,const String &s)
{
	out<<s.data;
	return out;
}

2.String 类构造函数，拷贝构造函数，析构函数的调用

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class String;
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,const  String  &s);
class String
{
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,const  String   &s);
public:
	String(const char *str="")
	{
		if(str==NULL)
		{
			data=new char[1];
			data[0]='\0';
		}
		else
		{
			data=new char[strlen(str)+1];
			strcpy(data,str);
		}
		cout<<"Create String"<<endl;

	}
	String(const String &s)
	{
		data=new char[strlen(s.data)+1];
		strcpy(data,s.data);
		cout<<"Copy String"<<endl;

	}
	String& operator=(const String &s)
	{
		if(this!=&s)
		{
			delete[]data;//深赋值
			data=new char[strlen(s.data)+1];
			strcpy(data,s.data);
		}
		cout<<"assign String"<<endl;
		return *this;
	}
	~String()
	{
		delete[]data;
		data=NULL;
		cout<<"delete String"<<endl;
	}
private:
	char *data;

};
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,const String &s)
{
	out<<s.data;
	return out;
}
void main()
{
	String s1("abc");//Create String  delete String
	//String s2=s1;//Create String  Copy String(调拷贝构造函数)  delete String delete String
	String s2;
	s2=s1;//Create String  Create String assign String   delete String   delete String(深赋值)
}

3.引用计数模型的String 类

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class String;
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,String &s);
class String_rep
{
	friend class String;
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,String &s);
public:
	String_rep(const char *str=""):use_count(0)
	{
		if(str==NULL)
		{
			data=new char[1];
			data[0]='\0';
		}
		else
		{
			data=new char[strlen(str)+1];
			strcpy(data,str);
		}

	}
	String_rep(const String_rep &s);
	String_rep& operator=(const String_rep &s);

	~String_rep()
	{
		delete[]data;
		data=NULL;
	}
public:
	void increment()
	{
		++use_count;
	}
	void decrement()
	{
		if(--use_count==0)
		{
			delete this;
		}
	}
private:
	char *data;
	int use_count;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,String &s);
class String
{
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,String &s);
public:
	String(const char *str=""):rep(new String_rep(str))
	{
		rep->increment();

	}
	String(const String &s)
	{
		rep=s.rep;
		rep->increment();

	}
	String& operator=(const String &s)
	{
		if(this!=&s)
		{
			rep->decrement();
			rep=s.rep;
			rep->increment();
		}
		return *this;

	}
	~String()
	{
		rep->decrement();
	}
public:
	void upper()//转换大小写函数
	{
		String_rep *new_rep=new String_rep(rep->data);
		rep->decrement();
		rep=new_rep;
		new_rep->increment();
		char *p=rep->data;
		while(*p!='\0')
		{
			*p-=32;
			++p;
		}

	}
private:
	String_rep *rep;
};
void main()
{
	String s1("abc");
	String s2=s1;
	
	String s3;
	s3=s2;
	
	s1.upper();
	cout<<"s1="<<s1<<endl;
	cout<<"s2="<<s2<<endl;
	cout<<"s3="<<s3<<endl;

}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,String &s)
{
	out<<s.rep->data;
	return out;

}