linux calibrate_delay

1.内核启动信息

 

console [ttyS0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop... 148.88 BogoMIPS (lpj=744448)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301

 

 

 

2.BogoMIPS

BogoMIPS (Bogo--Bogus--伪的，MIPS--millions of instruction per second) 按照字面的解释是“不太真实的MIPS”。之所以不太真实，那是因为其计算方法并不十分精确。BogoMIPS的值在系统系统时，在一闪而过的启动信息里可以看到；也可以dmesg看到；还可以通过查看/proc/cpuifo看到。BogoMIPS 的值是 linux 内核通过在一个时钟节拍里不断的执行循环指令而估算出来，它实际上反应了 CPU 的速度。

 

3.calibrate_delay()

路径：linux-3.10.x\init\main.c-->start_kernel-->calibrate_delay

 

void __cpuinit calibrate_delay(void)
{
	unsigned long lpj;
	static bool printed;
	int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();

	if (per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu)) {
		lpj = per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu);
		if (!printed)
			pr_info("Calibrating delay loop (skipped) "
				"already calibrated this CPU");
	} else if (preset_lpj) {
		lpj = preset_lpj;
		if (!printed)
			pr_info("Calibrating delay loop (skipped) "
				"preset value.. ");
	} else if ((!printed) && lpj_fine) {
		lpj = lpj_fine;
		pr_info("Calibrating delay loop (skipped), "
			"value calculated using timer frequency.. ");
	} else if ((lpj = calibrate_delay_is_known())) {
		;
	} else if ((lpj = calibrate_delay_direct()) != 0) {
		if (!printed)
			pr_info("Calibrating delay using timer "
				"specific routine.. ");
	} else {
		if (!printed)
			pr_info("Calibrating delay loop... ");
		lpj = calibrate_delay_converge();
	}
	per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu) = lpj;
	if (!printed)
		pr_cont("%lu.%02lu BogoMIPS (lpj=%lu)\n",
			lpj/(500000/HZ),
			(lpj/(5000/HZ)) % 100, lpj);

	loops_per_jiffy = lpj;
	printed = true;
}

 

BogoMIPS计算的核心函数：

static unsigned long __cpuinit calibrate_delay_converge(void)
{
	/* First stage - slowly accelerate to find initial bounds */
	unsigned long lpj, lpj_base, ticks, loopadd, loopadd_base, chop_limit;
	int trials = 0, band = 0, trial_in_band = 0;

	lpj = (1<<12);	//1<<12=4096

	/* wait for "start of" clock tick */
	ticks = jiffies;
	while (ticks == jiffies)	//等待下一个时钟节拍
		; /* nothing */
	/* Go .. */
	ticks = jiffies;
	do {
		if (++trial_in_band == (1<<band)) {	//首次进入do{...}while(x)时if条件成立，初始化band=1和trial_in_band=0
			++band;
			trial_in_band = 0;
		}
		__delay(lpj * band);
		trials += band;
	} while (ticks == jiffies);	//一个时钟节拍内的循环次数
	/*
	 * We overshot, so retreat to a clear underestimate. Then estimate
	 * the largest likely undershoot. This defines our chop bounds.
	 */
	trials -= band;	//去除上面do{...}while(x)里循环的最后一次，因为最后一次时钟节拍已经变更，所以不能统计到里面
	loopadd_base = lpj * band; //上面do{...}while(x)最后一次循环所需的时间，也是下一个时钟节拍的起始值
	lpj_base = lpj * trials; //一个时钟节拍需要的时间

recalibrate:
	lpj = lpj_base; //一个时钟节拍需要的时间
	loopadd = loopadd_base; //上面do{...}while(x)最后一次循环所需的时间，也是下一个时钟节拍的起始值

	/*
	 * Do a binary approximation to get lpj set to
	 * equal one clock (up to LPS_PREC bits)
	 */
	chop_limit = lpj >> LPS_PREC; //用于控制循环计算的次数，一个时钟节拍分频/2^8， 2^8=256
	while (loopadd > chop_limit) { //采用二分法的方式，无限靠近真值, 下一个时钟节拍的首次值 > 一个时钟节拍内256分频后的值，通过分析该while循环意思应该是要循环256次
		lpj += loopadd;
		ticks = jiffies;
		while (ticks == jiffies)
			; /* nothing */
		ticks = jiffies;
		__delay(lpj);
		if (jiffies != ticks)	/* longer than 1 tick */
			lpj -= loopadd; //时钟滴答切换，徐去除最后一次值，这里的loopadd由上面计算出，即是滴答更新时，上一次滴答的最后一次值
		loopadd >>= 1; //将时钟滴答切换时，上一次的时钟滴答最后一次的值进行“二分法”，已达到精确值
	}
	/*
	 * If we incremented every single time possible, presume we've
	 * massively underestimated initially, and retry with a higher
	 * start, and larger range. (Only seen on x86_64, due to SMIs)
	 */
	 //若每一次都是递增的(可能低估了lpj),则需要使用较大的初值和步幅
	if (lpj + loopadd * 2 == lpj_base + loopadd_base * 2) {
		lpj_base = lpj;
		loopadd_base <<= 2;
		goto recalibrate;
	}

	return lpj;
}

根据报文中lpj=744448，Calibrating delay loop... 148.88 BogoMIPS (lpj=744448)