python操作redis（单机、集群、哨兵）

安装
单机和哨兵，使用的是redis模块，所以下载redis即可，使用pip或者pip3命令来安装。

pip3 install redis

集群需要用到rediscluster模块，采用以下命令安装redis-py-cluster即可，最好指定版本

pip3 install redis-py-cluster=1.3.6

redis单机连接

import redis


conn = redis.StrictRedis(connection_pool=redis.ConnectionPool(
			host="192.168.233.1", port="6379", password=""
		))

# string类型的写入读取
conn.set("key_name", "value")
conn.get("key_name")

# 列表类型的读取写入
conn.lpush("key_name", "value1", "value2",...)
conn.lrange("key_name", 0, -1) # 列出key_name下的所有值

以下是函数形式：

import redis


def get_single_connection(host, port, password):
	conn = redis.StrictRedis(connection_pool=redis.ConnectionPool(
				host=host, port=port, password=password
			))
	return conn

redis哨兵连接

from redis.sentinel import Sentinel


sentinel_list = [
			("192.168.233.1", "26379"),
			("192.168.233.2", "26379"),
			("192.168.233.3", "26379")
		]
mySentinel = Sentinel(sentinel_list)
master = mySentinel.master_for("mymaster", db=0)
slave = mySentinel.slave_for("mymaster", db=0)


# 使用master进行写的操作，使用slave进行读的操作
master.hset("key_name", "filed", "value")
slave.hget("key_name", "filed")
slave.hgetall("key_name")

以下是函数形式：

from redis.sentinel import Sentinel


class RedisSentinel:
    def __init__(self, sentinel_list, name="mymaster", password="", db=0):
        self.sentinel = Sentinel(sentinel_list, socket_timeout=60)
        self.name = name
        self.password = password
        self.db = db
        
    def get_master_and_slave_conn(self):
        master = self.sentinel.master_for(
            service_name=self.name,
            socket_timeout=60,
            password=self.password,
            db=self.db)
        slave = self.sentinel.slave_for(
            service_name=self.name,
            socket_timeout=60,
            password=self.password,
            db=self.db
        )
        return master, slave

redis集群连接

from rediscluster import StrictRedisCluster



cluster_nodes = [{"host": "192.168.233.1", "port": "9001"},
                 {"host": "192.168.233.1", "port": "9002"},
                 {"host": "192.168.233.1", "port": "9003"},
                 {"host": "192.168.233.2", "port": "9004"},
                 {"host": "192.168.233.2", "port": "9005"},
                 {"host": "192.168.233.2", "port": "9006"}]
password = "root"
conn = StrictRedisCluster(
			startup_nodes=cluster_nodes,
			decode_response=True,
			password=password,
			max_connection=300
		)

# 写入值，获取值
conn.set("key_name", "value")
conn.get("key_name")

以下是函数形式：

from rediscluster import StrictRedisCluster


def get_cluster_conn(cluster_nodes, password)
	conn= StrictRedisCluster(
				startup_nodes=cluster_nodes,
				decode_response=True,
				password=password,
				max_connection=300
			)
	return conn

redis的操作
redis有五种数据类型：string, set, list, hash, sorted set
常用的操作有：增加，查询，删除

以下是python中，使用redis连接后的操作，其中conn即为上边的单机、集群、哨兵的连接：

string字符串

# 增加\查询\删除
conn.set(key, value)
conn.get(key)
conn.delete(key)

set集合

# 增加\查询\删除
conn.sadd(key, value1, value2...)
conn.smembers(key)
conn.delete(key)

list列表

# 增加\查询\删除
conn.lpush(key, value1, value2,...)
conn.lrange(key, start, end)  # 比如列出所有conn.lrange("key_name", 0, -1)
conn.delete(key)

hash哈希

# 增加\查询\删除
conn.hset(key, field, value)
conn.hget(key, filed)
conn.hgetall(key)
conn.delete(key)

sorted set有序集合

# 增加\查询\删除
# 注意：有序集合键值对是与redis中操作相反的，redis中：zadd key score value
# python中，分值对应的是字典中的值
conn.zadd(key, {value1: score1, value2: score2}) 
conn.zrange(key, start, end)
conn.delete(key)