数据结构与算法（C语言版）__交换

1.使用三个变量，相互交换

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int a, b, tmp;
    a = 1;
    b = 10;
    cout << "交换之前" << endl;
    cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
    tmp = a;//交换
    a = b;
    b = tmp;
    cout << "交换之后" << endl;
    cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

2.按值传递，不成功

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void swap(int x, int y);
int main()
{
    int a, b;
    a = 1;
    b = 10;
    cout << "使用void swap(int x, int y)" << endl;
    cout << "一个不成功的方法:" << endl;
    cout << "a = " << a << ", b =" << b << endl;
    swap(a, b);//按值传递，拷贝值，传进函数
    cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
void swap(int x, int y)
{
    int tmp;
    tmp = x;
    x = y;
    y = tmp;
}

3.使用指针

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void swap(int *px, int *py);
int main()
{
    int a, b;
    a = 1;
    b = 10;
    cout << "使用指针的方法：" << endl;
    cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
    swap(&a, &b);//传地址
    cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
void swap(int *px, int *py)
{
    int tmp;
    tmp = *px;
    *px = *py;
    *py = tmp;
}

4.使用宏定义函数

#include <iostream>
#define SWAP(x,y,t) ((t) = (x), (x) = (y), (y) = (t))//函数名一般使用大写字母
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int a, b, temp;
    a = 1;
    b = 10;
    cout << "使用宏定义函数：" << endl;
    cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
    SWAP(a, b, temp);
    cout << "a = " << a << ",b = " << b << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

5.使用引用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void swap(int &x, int &y);
int main()
{
    int a, b;
    a = 1;
    b = 10;
    cout << "使用引用交换：" << endl;
    cout << "a = " << a << ", b =" << b << endl;
    swap(a, b);
    cout << "a = " << a << ", b =" << b << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
//引用就是别名
void swap(int &x, int &y)
{
    int tmp;
    tmp = x;
    x = y;
    y = tmp;
}

6.使用模板函数

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a, b;
    a = 1;
    b = 10;

    cout << "使用std::swap" << endl;
    std::swap(a, b);
    cout << "a = " << a << ", b=" << b<< endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;

}

总结：模板函数对各种类型的变量收可以交换，自己定义的函数只能对相应的类型交换，C语言里面可以使用传指针和宏定义函数

void swap(int *px, int *py)\\传指针

#define SWAP(x,y,t) ((t) = (x), (x) = (y), (y) = (t))//宏定义函数

C++里面可以使用引用和模板函数

void swap(int &x, int &y)\\引用

template<class T> void swap(T& x,T& b)\\模板函数

注意按值传递的函数不能实现交换。