python3---内置函数大全（index & count & map & sum & abs & sort & sort & dict & getattr）

1.index函数----获取列表中某元素的索引值

my_list = ["hello", "world", "alien", "!"]
index = my_list.index("alien")
print(index)

#结果: 2

2.count函数—计算列表中某元素的个数

my_list = ["hello", "world", "alien", "!", "alien"]
index = my_list.count("alien")
print(index)

#结果: 2

3.map函数—通过公式批量处理列表中的元素

my_list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
temp_func = lambda x: x ** 2
res = list(map(temp_func, my_list))
print(res)

#结果: [1, 9, 25, 49, 81]



my_list = ["hello", "world", "alien", "!"]
temp_func = lambda x: "_" + x
res = list(map(temp_func, my_list))
print(res)

# 结果：['_hello', '_world', '_alien', '_!']

4.max & min函数—计算列表中某元素的个数

my_list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
max = max(my_list)
min = min(my_list)

print(max, min)

#结果: 9  1

5.sum函数—对列表中的元素求和

my_list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
sum_01 = sum(my_list)			# 参数传入可迭代对象
sum_02 = sum(my_list, 10.2)		# 参数最多传递2个值，所有元素必须是数值类型
print(sum_01)
print(sum_02)


# 25
# 35.2

6.abs函数—计算数值的绝对值

num_01 = -666.66
num_02 = 888.88
print(abs(num_01))
print(abs(num_02))


# 666.66
# 888.88

7.sort函数—对列表进行排序

my_list = [3, 1, 7, 5, 9]
my_list.sort()
print(my_list)
my_list.sort(reverse=True)
print(my_list)


# [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
# [9, 7, 5, 3, 1]



my_list = ["hello", "world", "alien", "!"]	
my_list.sort()								#字符串根据首字母排序
print(my_list)
my_list.sort(reverse=True)					#字符串根据首字母倒序
print(my_list)

# ['!', 'alien', 'hello', 'world']
# ['world', 'hello', 'alien', '!']

8.zip函数—将2个列表组合成元组

my_list = ["hello", "world", "alien", "!"]
num_list = [1, 3, 5, 7]
compile_list = list(zip(my_list, num_list))
print(compile_list)

long_list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
long_list = list(zip(my_list, long_list))		# 元素个数与最短的列表一致
print(long_list)


# [('hello', 1), ('world', 3), ('alien', 5), ('!', 7)]
# [('hello', 1), ('world', 3), ('alien', 5), ('!', 7)]

9.dict函数—将2个元组组合成字典

my_list = ["hello", "world", "alien", "!"]
num_list = [1, 3, 5, 7]
compile_dict = dict(zip(my_list, num_list))
print(compile_dict)

new_dict = dict([("name", "alien"), ("age", 18)])
print(new_dict)

another_dict = dict(name="alien", age=18)
print(another_dict)


# {'hello': 1, 'world': 3, 'alien': 5, '!': 7}
# {'name': 'alien', 'age': 18}
# {'name': 'alien', 'age': 18}

10.getattr & hasattr—获取对象中某属性的值、判断对象是否具备某属性

class GoodGoodStudy(object):

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def Studying(self, time):
        print("studying---{}----hours".format(time))


ggs = GoodGoodStudy("alien", 18)
res = getattr(ggs, "name")
print(res)

method = hasattr(ggs, "learning")
print(method)

func = hasattr(ggs, "Studying")
print(func)


# alien
# False
# True

11.setattr & delattr—设置object中某属性的值、删除object中某属性

class GoodGoodStudy(object):

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def Studying(self, time):
        print("studying---{}----hours".format(time))


ggs = GoodGoodStudy("alien", 18)
setattr(ggs, "hobby", "reading")		# 为对象设置新的属性和值
print(ggs.__dict__)						# 打印对象的所有属性
print(ggs.__dir__())					# 打印对象的所有属性（包含公有属性和函数）

delattr(ggs, "age")						# 删除对象的某个属性
print(ggs.__dict__)


# 结果如下：
{'name': 'alien', 'age': 18, 'hobby': 'reading'}
['name', 'age', 'hobby', '__module__', '__init__', 'Studying', '__dict__', '__weakref__', '__doc__', '__repr__', '__hash__', '__str__', '__getattribute__', '__setattr__', '__delattr__', '__lt__', '__le__', '__eq__', '__ne__', '__gt__', '__ge__', '__new__', '__reduce_ex__', '__reduce__', '__subclasshook__', '__init_subclass__', '__format__', '__sizeof__', '__dir__', '__class__']
{'name': 'alien', 'hobby': 'reading'}