OC基础 便利构造器 继承,

父类:Animal.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Animal : NSObject
{
//实例变量
    NSString *_type; //种类
    NSString *_color;
    
}


-(instancetype)initWithType:(NSString*)type
                      color:(NSString*)color;

//便利构造器
//便利构造器是以类名开头
//是 + 类方法
//返回值类型是本类类型
//便利构造器是和初始化方法配套使用的
+(Animal *)animalWithType:(NSString *)type color:(NSString *)color;







//方法
-(void)cry;

-(NSString*)type;
-(NSString*)color;

-(void)setType:(NSString*)type;
-(void)setColor:(NSString*)color;

@end

animal.m

#import "Animal.h"

@implementation Animal


-(instancetype)initWithType:(NSString*)type
                      color:(NSString*)color{

    self=[super init];
    //如果父类初始化成功,返回首地址.开始子类实例变量的初始化
    //如果失败就直接返回,不初始化子类的实例变量 
    if (self) {
        _color=color;
        _type=type;

    }
    
       return self;
}


+(Animal *)animalWithType:(NSString *)type color:(NSString *)color{

    Animal *ani=[[Animal alloc] initWithType:type color:color];
    return ani;

}






-(void)cry{

    NSLog(@"aoao嗷嗷");

}



-(NSString*)type{
    return _type;
}
-(NSString*)color{
    return _color;
}

-(void)setType:(NSString*)type{
    _type=type;
}
-(void)setColor:(NSString*)color{

    _color=color;
}




@end

子类 Dog.h

#import "Animal.h"

@interface Dog : Animal
{
    NSInteger _legs;
    
}

-(instancetype)initWithType:(NSString *)type color:(NSString *)color legs:(NSInteger)legs;


+(Dog *)dogWithType:(NSString *)type color:(NSString*)color legs:(NSInteger)legs;

    
@end

Dog.m

#import "Dog.h"

@implementation Dog

-(instancetype)initWithType:(NSString *)type color:(NSString *)color legs:(NSInteger)legs{

   //super调用的时父类的初始化方法
    self=[super initWithType:type color:color];
    if (self) {
       _legs=legs;
    }
   
    return self;
}
+(Dog *)dogWithType:(NSString *)type color:(NSString*)color legs:(NSInteger)legs{

    Dog *d=[[Dog alloc] initWithType:type color:color legs:legs];
    return d;

}


//重写
-(void)cry{
    
    //循环调用
    //在自己的方法中,不可以使用seif进行调用
    //否则进入死循环
    //在其他方法中可以使用self进行调用
    
    [super cry];
    NSLog(@"wamgwamg");
  //  [self cry];
    
}
@end

main函数里

Animal *an1=[Animal animalWithType:@"两栖" color:@"红白"];
    
    [an1 cry];
    
    
//    Dog *d=[[Dog alloc] initWithType:@"牧羊犬" color:@"白色" legs:4];
    
    Dog *d=[Dog dogWithType:@"牧羊犬" color:@"白色" legs:5];
    NSLog(@"%@:%@",[d type],[d color]);
    
     [d cry];