多态 ,

建立父类Person类

person.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Person : NSObject


@property (nonatomic,copy)NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic,retain)NSNumber *age;



-(instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name
                        age:(NSNumber *)age;

+(Person *)personWithName:(NSString *)name age:(NSNumber *)age;



@end

person.m

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person
@synthesize name=_name;
-(instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name
                        age:(NSNumber *)age{

    self=[super init];
    if (self) {
        //使用点语法调用它的setter方法,
        //使之retain或者copy一下.
       self.name=name;
       self.age=age;
    }
    return self;
}


+(Person *)personWithName:(NSString *)name age:(NSNumber *)age{
    Person *p=[[Person alloc] initWithName:name age:age];
    //使用了autorelease释放对象.
    return [p autorelease];

}



//getter,setter,用实例变量   _name
//dealloc 用实例变量  _name
//初始化

-(void)setName:(NSString *)name{

    if (_name!=name) {
        [_name release];
        _name=[name copy];
    }
}
-(NSString *)name{
    return [[_name retain] autorelease];
}
-(void)dealloc{
    [_name release];
    [_age release];
    [super dealloc];
}



@end

子类Student继承Person

Student.h

#import "Person.h"

@interface Student : Person

@property (nonatomic,copy)NSString *stuNum;
-(void)sayHi;

-(instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name
                        age:(NSNumber *)age
                     stuNum:(NSString *)stuNum;
+(Student *)stuWithName:(NSString *)name
                     age:(NSNumber *)age
                  stuNum:(NSString *)stuNum;

@end

Student.m

#import "Student.h"

@implementation Student
@synthesize stuNum=_stuNum;
-(void)dealloc{
    [_stuNum release];
    [super dealloc];
}

-(void)sayHi{
    
    NSLog(@"hi");
//    [_stuNum release];
//    [super dealloc];
}
-(instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name
                        age:(NSNumber *)age
                     stuNum:(NSString *)stuNum;{
    self=[super init];
    if (self) {
        self.stuNum=stuNum;
    }
    return self;
}
+(Student *)stuWithName:(NSString *)name
                     age:(NSNumber *)age
                  stuNum:(NSString *)stuNum{
    Student *s=[[Student alloc]initWithName:name age:age stuNum:stuNum];
    return [s autorelease];
    
    
    
}

@end

main.m里边

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
#import "Student.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{

    @autoreleasepool {
        
        /*
        Person *p=[[Person alloc] init];
        [p retain];
        NSLog(@"%ld",[p retainCount]);
        
        NSArray *array=[[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:p, nil];
        NSLog(@"%ld",[p retainCount]);
        
        [array release];

        NSLog(@"%ld",[p retainCount]);
        
        //当我们将一对象放入容器中的时候,该对象的计数+1.
        //当我们吧容器释放掉之后,容器中的对象引用计数全部-1
        

        [p release];
        [p release];
   
        */
        
       
        
        //父类指针指向子类对象
        //多态
        
        Person *stu=[Student stuWithName:@"wangxiaoer" age:@18 stuNum:@"110"];
        stu.name=@"wangxiaoesa";
        stu.age=@10;
//        [stu sayHi];
        
        Student *s= (Student *)stu;
        
        s.stuNum=@"1230";
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
    }
    return 0;
}