Kubernetes安装过程，ubuntu20.04，附报错和解决方案

目录

第一步：搭建k8s master

第二步：搭建k8s node

第三步：k8s集群搭建

---

第一步：搭建k8s master

禁用系统中所有的交换空间：

swapoff -a

安装docker：

sudo apt install docker.io

确保系统的包管理器是最新的，并安装所需的软件包以支持使用 HTTPS 协议获取 Kubernetes 相关的软件包

apt-get update 
apt-get install -y apt-transport-https

将官方的 Kubernetes APT 存储库添加到系统的包管理器中：

curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF

安装 Kubernetes 相关组件：

apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

拉取所需的 Kubernetes 容器镜像，并准备好在 Kubernetes 集群中使用这些镜像（国内需要通过阿里云）:

kubeadm config images pull --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

初始化 Kubernetes 主节点（Master Node）：

sudo kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address <your-master-ip> --pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

报错：[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL http://localhost:10248/healthz' failed with error: Get "http://localhost:10248/healthz": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.

....
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL http://localhost:10248/healthz' failed with error: Get "http://localhost:10248/healthz": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.
....

root@user:path# systemctl status kubelet
● kubelet.service - kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
    Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
             └─10-kubeadm.conf
     Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2024-02-23 15:37:06 CST; 6s ago
       Docs: https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/
    Process: 637003 ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
   Main PID: 637003 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

kebelet启动失败。

解决办法：

是版本不兼容问题导致了kubelet 没有启动成功，

remove了containerd并重装了一下。

systemctl stop containerd
apt reinstall containerd
systemctl start containerd

报错：[ERROR Port-10250]: Port 10250 is in use

root@ubuntu:~# sudo kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address .... --pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
I0223 11:26:31.707217 1887668 version.go:256] remote version is much newer: v1.29.2; falling back to: stable-1.28
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.28.7
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
	[WARNING Service-Kubelet]: kubelet service is not enabled, please run 'systemctl enable kubelet.service'
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
	[ERROR Port-10250]: Port 10250 is in use
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher

解决方式：

kubeadm reset

报错： timed out waiting for the condition

.....
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.

Unfortunately, an error has occurred:
	timed out waiting for the condition

This error is likely caused by:
	- The kubelet is not running
	- The kubelet is unhealthy due to a misconfiguration of the node in some way (required cgroups disabled)
.....

观察keblet是正常的（绿色的active)：

systemctl status kubelet

解决办法：

版本换成了1.27.6就成功了，我也不知道为啥，可能是网络没加速有什么包下载不下来。

#下载Kubernetes 软件包仓库的公共签名密钥
rm -rf /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.27/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

#添加 Kubernetes apt 仓库
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.27/deb/ /
EOF

#更新 apt 包索引，安装 kubelet、kubeadm 和 kubectl，并锁定其版本
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet=1.27.6-1.1 kubectl=1.27.6-1.1 kubeadm=1.27.6-1.1

报错：....already exists

error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
	[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-manifests-kube-apiserver.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml already exists
	[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-manifests-kube-controller-manager.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml already exists
	[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-manifests-kube-scheduler.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml already exists
	[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-manifests-etcd.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml already exists
	[ERROR Port-10250]: Port 10250 is in use
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`

 解决办法：这是因为上次启动失败了配置文件还在：

kubeadm reset

kubeadm init成功后可以看看状态：

kubectl get nodes

第二步：搭建k8s node

设置主机名：

cat << EOF >> /etc/hosts
$IP_NODE_01 $HOSTNAME_NODE01
$IP_MASTER $HOSTNAME_MASTER
EOF

 其他的和master一样。

第三步：k8s集群搭建

打印加入集群token(master节点执行)：

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

加入集群命令(node节点执行)：

kubeadm join k8s-master-01:6443 --token ????????? \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:?????????? \