【算法C++】检测数组里是否有两个数之和等于某个数

问题： 
检测数组里是否有两个数之和等于某个数

解决方法一：先将数组排序，然后从两头开始遍历 
数组排序后，从左端开始取最小值，从右端取最大值， 
判断两者之和与目标的大小： 
1. 等于时，输出两个数； 
2. 大于时，右端移到第2个数，继续判断； 
3. 小于时，左端移到第2个数，继续判断。

<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <string></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <algorithm></span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">using</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">std</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> fun1(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> a[], <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> length, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> target) {
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 给数组排序</span>
    sort(a, a + length);
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// left是最小值，right是最大值</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> left = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, right = length - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (left < right) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> tmp = a[left] + a[right];
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (tmp == target) {
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << a[left] << a[right] << endl;
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span>;
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (tmp > target) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 和比目标大，就减小right，从而减小和</span>
            right--;
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> {  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 和比目标小，就增大left，从而增大和</span>
            left++;
        }
    }
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"无"</span> << endl;
}

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> main() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> a[] = {
        <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>
    };

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> target = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cin</span> >> target) {
        fun1(a, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>, target);
    }
}

</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li></ul>

上述方法虽然简单，但弊端也有，没法输出所有等于目标值的两个数。

解决方法二： 
暴力解法，记录下每一个数与其他数的和放在一个二维数组里，然后遍历即可，这样可以记录下所有的和等于目标值的数值对，如下： 
假设输入数组为: 2 3 4 5 1 
有如下矩阵：

	2	3	4	5	1
2	-	5	6	7	3
3	5	-	7	8	4
4	6	7	-	9	5
5	7	8	9	-	6
1	3	4	5	6	-

当目标值为7时，就有两组： 
（5,2）与（3,4） 
考虑到对称性，有n[i][j] = n[j][i],i!=j, 
，所以，我们只需要i>j的数值对就行。

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">void fun2(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> a[], <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> target) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">**</span> n = new <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">*[</span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span>];
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i < <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span>; i++) {
        n[i] = new <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>[<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span>];
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i < <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span>; i++) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> j = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span> - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; j > i; j--) {
            n[i][j] = n[j][i] = a[i] + a[j];
        }
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i < <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span>; i++) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> j = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span> - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; j > i; j--) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (n[i][j] == target) {
                cout << a[i] << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" "</span> << a[j] << endl;
            }
        }
    }

}</code>