stdio.h安全函数学习之printf_s，fprintf_s，scanf_s，fscanf_s，sprintf_s，_snprintf_s，sscanf_s

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分类专栏： C库函数文章标签： C库函数

于 2014-09-15 13:16:12 首次发布

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本篇介绍stdio.h头文件中安全函数学习之printf_s，fprintf_s，scanf_s，fscanf_s，sprintf_s，_snprintf_s，sscanf_s。

实验环境： window11, VS2022

printf / printf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>


#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    const char* s = "Hello";
    int ret = printf("字符串745675765:\n"); // 同 puts("字符串");  ret返回的输入字符的个数
    printf(" 填充:ret=%d\n", ret);
    printf("\t[%10s]\n", s);
    printf("\t[%-10s]\n", s);
    printf("\t[%*s]\n", 10, s);
    printf(" 截断:\n");
    printf("\t%.4s\n", s);
    printf("\t%.*s\n", 3, s);

    printf("字符:\t%c %%\n", 'A');

    printf("整数:\n");
    printf("\t十进制:\t\t%i %d %.6i %i %.0i %+i %i\n", 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 4, -4);
    printf("\t十六进制:\t%x %x %X %#x\n", 5, 10, 10, 6);
    printf("\t八进制:\t\t%o %#o %#o\n", 10, 10, 4);

    printf("浮点:\n");
    printf("\t舍入:\t\t%f %.0f %.32f\n", 1.5, 1.5, 1.3);
    printf("\t填充:\t\t%05.2f %.2f %5.2f\n", 1.5, 1.5, 1.5);
    printf("\t科学表示:\t%E %e\n", 1.5, 1.5);
    printf("\t十六进制:\t%a %A\n", 1.5, 1.5);
    //printf("\t特殊值:\t\t0/0=%g 1/0=%g\n", 0.0 / 0.0, 1.0 / 0.0);

    printf("定宽类型:\n");
    printf("\t最大的 32 位值是 %" PRIu32 " 或 %#" PRIx32 "\n", UINT32_MAX, UINT32_MAX);

    //printf_s() example
    const char* ss = "Hello printf_s";
    int rets = printf_s("printf_s 字符串:\n"); // 同 puts("字符串");  ret返回的输入字符的个数
    printf_s(" 填充:ret=%d\n", rets);
    printf_s("\t[%10s]\n", ss);
    printf_s("\t[%-10s]\n", ss);
    printf_s("\t[%*s]\n", 10, ss);
    printf_s(" 截断:\n");
    printf_s("\t%.4s\n", ss);
    printf_s("\t%.*s\n", 3, ss);

    printf_s("printf_s 字符:\t%c %%\n", 'A');

    printf_s("printf_s 整数:\n");
    printf_s("\t十进制:\t\t%i %d %.6i %i %.0i %+i %i\n", 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 4, -4);
    printf_s("\t十六进制:\t%x %x %X %#x\n", 5, 10, 10, 6);
    printf_s("\t八进制:\t\t%o %#o %#o\n", 10, 10, 4);

    printf_s("printf_s 浮点:\n");
    printf_s("\t舍入:\t\t%f %.0f %.32f\n", 1.5, 1.5, 1.3);
    printf_s("\t填充:\t\t%05.2f %.2f %5.2f\n", 1.5, 1.5, 1.5);
    printf_s("\t科学表示:\t%E %e\n", 1.5, 1.5);
    printf_s("\t十六进制:\t%a %A\n", 1.5, 1.5);
    //printf("\t特殊值:\t\t0/0=%g 1/0=%g\n", 0.0 / 0.0, 1.0 / 0.0);

    printf("printf_s 定宽类型:\n");
    printf("\t最大的 32 位值是 %" PRIu32 " 或 %#" PRIx32 "\n", UINT32_MAX, UINT32_MAX);

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_stdio_function_printf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_printf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/printf-printf-l-wprintf-wprintf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/printf-s-printf-s-l-wprintf-s-wprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170

fprintf / fprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>


#pragma warning(disable:4996)



int main(void)
{
    int number = 0;  //统计输出的字符数。
    const char arr[] = "Problems are not stop signs, they are guidelines.";
    fprintf(stdout, "%s%lld\n", arr, sizeof arr);
    fprintf(stdout, "Characters written to the output stream: %d\n", number);

    int    i = 10;
    double fp = 1.5;
    char   s[] = "this is a string";
    char   c = '\n';
    FILE* stream;
    fopen_s(&stream, "fprintf_s.out", "w");
    fprintf_s(stream, "%s%c", s, c);
    fprintf_s(stream, "%d\n", i);
    fprintf_s(stream, "%f\n", fp);
    fclose(stream);
    system("type fprintf_s.out");

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_stdio_function_fprintf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_fprintf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/fprintf-s-fprintf-s-l-fwprintf-s-fwprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170

scanf / scanf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>


#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    int count;
    char str[100];

    scanf("%[ ,.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\
          ABCDEFGHIGKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ]%n", str, &count);
    printf("The number of characters read from stdin: %d\n", count);

    int  i, result;
    float fp;
    char  c, s[80];
    wchar_t  wc, ws[80];

    result = scanf_s("%d %f %c %C %s %S", &i, &fp, &c, 1,
        &wc, 1, s, (unsigned)_countof(s), ws, (unsigned)_countof(ws));
    printf("The number of fields input is %d\n", result);
    printf("The contents are: %d %f %c %C %s %S\n", i, fp, c,  wc, s, ws);

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fscanf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_stdio_function_scanf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_scanf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/fprintf-s-fprintf-s-l-fwprintf-s-fwprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/scanf-s-scanf-s-l-wscanf-s-wscanf-s-l?view=msvc-170

fscanf / fscanf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>


#pragma warning(disable:4996)

int main(void)
{
    FILE* pFile;
    int number;
    int state;

    pFile = fopen("./gch.txt", "r");  // gch.txt的内容为 101  0x101  -0101
    while (!feof(pFile))
    {
        state = fscanf(pFile, "%i", &number);
        if (state > 0)
            printf("%d\n", number);
        else
            break;
    }

    fclose(pFile);

    //fscanf_s example
    FILE* stream;
    long l;
    float fp;
    char s[81];
    char c;

    errno_t err = fopen_s(&stream, "fscanf.out", "w+");
    if (err)
        printf_s("The file fscanf.out was not opened\n");
    else
    {
        fprintf_s(stream, "%s %ld %f%c", "a-string", 65000, 3.14159, 'x');
        // Set pointer to beginning of file:
        fseek(stream, 0L, SEEK_SET);

        // Read data back from file:
        fscanf_s(stream, "%s", s, _countof(s));
        fscanf_s(stream, "%ld", &l);

        fscanf_s(stream, "%f", &fp);
        fscanf_s(stream, "%c", &c, 1);

        // Output data read:
        printf("%s\n", s);
        printf("%ld\n", l);
        printf("%f\n", fp);
        printf("%c\n", c);

        fclose(stream);
    }

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fscanf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_stdio_function_fscanf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_fscanf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/fscanf-fscanf-l-fwscanf-fwscanf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/fscanf-s-fscanf-s-l-fwscanf-s-fwscanf-s-l?view=msvc-170

sprintf / sprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    char str[100];
    const char arr[] = "Practice makes perfect.";

    sprintf(str, "%s", arr);
    puts(str);

    //sprintf_s example
    char  buffer[200], s[] = "computer", c = 'l';
    int   i = 35, j;
    float fp = 1.7320534f;

    // Format and print various data:
    j = sprintf_s(buffer, 200, "   String:    %s\n", s);
    j += sprintf_s(buffer + j, 200 - j, "   Character: %c\n", c);
    j += sprintf_s(buffer + j, 200 - j, "   Integer:   %d\n", i);
    j += sprintf_s(buffer + j, 200 - j, "   Real:      %f\n", fp);

    printf_s("Output:\n%s\ncharacter count = %d\n", buffer, j);
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_stdio_function_sprintf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_sprintf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/sprintf-sprintf-l-swprintf-swprintf-l-swprintf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/sprintf-s-sprintf-s-l-swprintf-s-swprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170

snprintf / snprintf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>


#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    char str[100];
    const char arr[] = "Easier said than done.";
    snprintf(str, 13, "%s", arr);
    puts(str);

    //_snprintf_s example
    char str_s[100];
    const char arr_s[] = "All roads lead to Rome.";

    _snprintf_s(str_s, sizeof(str_s) / sizeof(str_s[0]), "%s", arr_s);
    puts(str_s);

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fprintf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_stdio_function_snprintf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_snprintf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/snprintf-snprintf-snprintf-l-snwprintf-snwprintf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/snprintf-s-snprintf-s-l-snwprintf-s-snwprintf-s-l?view=msvc-170

sscanf / sscanf_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>


#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    const char str[] = "123a456";
    int number;
    int count;

    sscanf(str, "%d%*c%n", &number, &count);
    printf("number: %d\n", number);
    printf("characters read from the array: %d\n", count);

    //sscanf_s example
    char  tokenstring[] = "15 12 14...";
    char  s[81];
    char  c;
    int   i;
    float fp;

    // Input various data from tokenstring:
    // max 80 character string plus null terminator
    sscanf_s(tokenstring, "%s", s, (unsigned)_countof(s));
    sscanf_s(tokenstring, "%c", &c, (unsigned)sizeof(char));
    sscanf_s(tokenstring, "%d", &i);
    sscanf_s(tokenstring, "%f", &fp);

    // Output the data read
    printf_s("String    = %s\n", s);
    printf_s("Character = %c\n", c);
    printf_s("Integer:  = %d\n", i);
    printf_s("Real:     = %f\n", fp);

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/io/fscanf
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_stdio_function_sscanf.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_sscanf_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/sscanf-sscanf-l-swscanf-swscanf-l?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/sscanf-s-sscanf-s-l-swscanf-s-swscanf-s-l?view=msvc-170