Python中使用tarfile压缩、解压tar归档文件示例

Python自带的tarfile模块可以方便读取tar归档文件，牛b的是可以处理使用gzip和bz2压缩归档文件tar.gz和tar.bz2。

与tarfile对应的是zipfile模块，zipfile是处理zip压缩的。请注意：os.system(cmd)可以使Python脚本执行命令，当然包括：tar -czf  *.tar.gz *，tar -xzf *.tar.gz，unzip等，当我觉得这样尽管可以解决问题，但我觉得很业余。

使用tarfile压缩

import tarfile
 
#创建压缩包名
tar = tarfile.open("/tmp/tartest.tar.gz","w:gz")
#创建压缩包
for root,dir,files in os.walk("/tmp/tartest"):
    for file in files:
        fullpath = os.path.join(root,file)
        tar.add(fullpath)
tar.close()

使用tarfile解压

def extract(tar_path, target_path):
    try:
        tar = tarfile.open(tar_path, "r:gz")
        file_names = tar.getnames()
        for file_name in file_names:
            tar.extract(file_name, target_path)
        tar.close()
    except Exception, e:
        raise Exception, e

其中open的原型是：

tarfile.open(name=None, mode='r', fileobj=None, bufsize=10240, **kwargs)

mode的值有：

'r' or 'r:*'   Open for reading with transparent compression (recommended).
'r:'   Open for reading exclusively without compression.
'r:gz'   Open for reading with gzip compression.
'r:bz2'   Open for reading with bzip2 compression.
'a' or 'a:'   Open for appending with no compression. The file is created if it does not exist.
'w' or 'w:'   Open for uncompressed writing.
'w:gz'   Open for gzip compressed writing.
'w:bz2'   Open for bzip2 compressed writing.