最近项目要加入加速度传感器模块,所以这几天一直在研究,暂时先把资料放上面,随后会把成果慢慢讲解下。
http://www.apkbus.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=16153
http://blog.csdn.net/ekeuy/article/details/39214379
http://www.eoeandroid.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=75084
http://www.2cto.com/kf/201107/98082.html
一、介绍Sensor类
SDK只有一句介绍“Class representing a sensor. Use getSensorList(int) to get the list of available Sensors.”,表示一个感应器的类,可以使用getSensorList方法(此方法属于接下来要讲的SensorManager)获得所有可用的感应器,该方法返回的是一个List<Sensor>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Constants
int TYPE_ACCELEROMETER A constant describing an accelerometer sensor type.
int TYPE_ALL A constant describing all sensor types.
int TYPE_GRAVITY A constant describing a gravity sensor type.
int TYPE_GYROSCOPE A constant describing a gyroscope sensor type
int TYPE_LIGHT A constant describing an light sensor type.
int TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION A constant describing a linear acceleration sensor type.
int TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD A constant describing a magnetic field sensor type.
int TYPE_ORIENTATION This constant is deprecated. use SensorManager.getOrientation() instead.
int TYPE_PRESSURE A constant describing a pressure sensor type
int TYPE_PROXIMITY A constant describing an proximity sensor type.
int TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR A constant describing a rotation vector sensor type.
int TYPE_TEMPERATURE A constant describing a temperature sensor type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
此类中包含的方法都是get型的 用来获取所选sensor的一些属性,sensor类一般不需要new而是通过SensorManager的方法获得
SDK解释:“SensorManager lets you access the device's sensors. Get an instance of this class by calling Context.getSystemService() with the argument SENSOR_SERVICE.
Always make sure to disable sensors you don't need, especially when your activity is paused. Failing to do so can drain the battery in just a few hours. Note that the system will not disable sensors automatically when the screen turns off. ”
SensorManager 允许你访问设备的感应器。通过传入参数SENSOR_SERVICE参数调用Context.getSystemService方法可以获得一个sensor的实例。永远记得确保当你不需要的时候,特别是Activity暂定的时候,要关闭感应器。忽略这一点肯能导致几个小时就耗尽电池,注意当屏幕关闭时,系统不会自动关闭感应器。
三、常用的传感器
y-axis
/*
2 * @author octobershiner
3 * 2011 07 27
4 * SE.HIT
5 * 一个演示android加速度感应器的例子
6 * */
7
8 package uni.sensor;
9
10 import java.util.Iterator;
11 import java.util.List;
12
13 import android.app.Activity;
14 import android.content.Context;
15 import android.hardware.Sensor;
16 import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
17 import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
18 import android.hardware.SensorManager;
19 import android.os.Bundle;
20 import android.util.Log;
21
22 public class SensorDemoActivity extends Activity {
23 /** Called when the activity is first created. */
24 //设置LOG标签
25 private static final String TAG = "sensor";
26 private SensorManager sm;
27 @Override
28 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
29 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
30 setContentView(R.layout.main);
31 //创建一个SensorManager来获取系统的传感器服务
32 sm = (SensorManager)getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
33 //选取加速度感应器
34 int sensorType = Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER;
35
36 /*
37 * 最常用的一个方法 注册事件
38 * 参数1 :SensorEventListener监听器
39 * 参数2 :Sensor 一个服务可能有多个Sensor实现,此处调用getDefaultSensor获取默认的Sensor
40 * 参数3 :模式 可选数据变化的刷新频率
41 * */
42 sm.registerListener(myAccelerometerListener,sm.getDefaultSensor(sensorType),SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);
43
44 }
45
46 /*
47 * SensorEventListener接口的实现,需要实现两个方法
48 * 方法1 onSensorChanged 当数据变化的时候被触发调用
49 * 方法2 onAccuracyChanged 当获得数据的精度发生变化的时候被调用,比如突然无法获得数据时
50 * */
51 final SensorEventListener myAccelerometerListener = new SensorEventListener(){
52
53 //复写onSensorChanged方法
54 public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent sensorEvent){
55 if(sensorEvent.sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER){
56 Log.i(TAG,"onSensorChanged");
57
58 //图解中已经解释三个值的含义
59 float X_lateral = sensorEvent.values[0];
60 float Y_longitudinal = sensorEvent.values[1];
61 float Z_vertical = sensorEvent.values[2];
62 Log.i(TAG,"\n heading "+X_lateral);
63 Log.i(TAG,"\n pitch "+Y_longitudinal);
64 Log.i(TAG,"\n roll "+Z_vertical);
65 }
66 }
67 //复写onAccuracyChanged方法
68 public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor , int accuracy){
69 Log.i(TAG, "onAccuracyChanged");
70 }
71 };
72
73 public void onPause(){
74 /*
75 * 很关键的部分:注意,说明文档中提到,即使activity不可见的时候,感应器依然会继续的工作,测试的时候可以发现,没有正常的刷新频率
76 * 也会非常高,所以一定要在onPause方法中关闭触发器,否则讲耗费用户大量电量,很不负责。
77 * */
78 sm.unregisterListener(myAccelerometerListener);
79 super.onPause();
80 }
81
82 }
四、一种使用感应器的应用如何刷新UI的好办法,值得学习
package uni.sensor;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class ForceometerActivity extends Activity{
SensorManager sensorManager;
TextView accelerationTextView;
TextView maxAccelerationTextView;
float currentAcceleration = 0;
float maxAcceleration = 0;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//获取两个文本显示域
accelerationTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.acceleration);
maxAccelerationTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.maxAcceleration);
//获取sensor服务,选择加速度感应器
sensorManager = (SensorManager)getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
Sensor accelerometer = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
//注册事件
sensorManager.registerListener(sensorEventListener,
accelerometer,
SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST);
Timer updateTimer = new Timer("gForceUpdate");
updateTimer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
public void run() {
updateGUI();
}
}, 0, 100);
}
//添加的新方法,退出activity的时候,关闭监听器
public void onPause(){
sensorManager.unregisterListener(sensorEventListener);
super.onPause();
}
private final SensorEventListener sensorEventListener = new SensorEventListener() {
//系统设置的重力加速度标准值,设备在水平静止的情况下就承受这个压力,所以默认Y轴方向的加速度值为STANDARD_GRAVITY
double calibration = SensorManager.STANDARD_GRAVITY;
public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) { }
public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
double x = event.values[0];
double y = event.values[1];
double z = event.values[2];
//计算三个方向的加速度
double a = Math.round(Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x, 2) +
Math.pow(y, 2) +
Math.pow(z, 2)));
//消去原有的重力引起的压力
currentAcceleration = Math.abs((float)(a-calibration));
if (currentAcceleration > maxAcceleration)
maxAcceleration = currentAcceleration;
}
};
private void updateGUI() {
/*
* 推荐的一个刷新UI的方法
* Activity.runOnUiThread(Runnable)
* 在新的线程中更新UI
* Runnable是一个接口,需要你实现run方法,上面的TimerTask就是实现了这个接口同样需要实现run方法
* */
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
String currentG = currentAcceleration/SensorManager.STANDARD_GRAVITY
+ "Gs";
accelerationTextView.setText(currentG);
accelerationTextView.invalidate();
String maxG = maxAcceleration/SensorManager.STANDARD_GRAVITY + "Gs";
maxAccelerationTextView.setText(maxG);
maxAccelerationTextView.invalidate();
}
});
}
}
布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView android:id="@+id/acceleration"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:textSize="32sp"
android:text="CENTER"
android:editable="false"
android:singleLine="true"
android:layout_margin="10px"/>
<TextView android:id="@+id/maxAcceleration"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:textSize="40sp"
android:text="CENTER"
android:editable="false"
android:singleLine="true"
android:layout_margin="10px"/>
</LinearLayout>
五、Git上面的一个Demo
private void detectStep(SensorEvent event) {
if (event == null) throw new NullPointerException();
detecting = true;
float vSum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
final float v = mYOffset + event.values[i] * mScale[0];
vSum += v;
}
int k = 0;
float v = vSum / 3;
float direction = (v > mLastValues[k] ? 1 : (v < mLastValues[k] ? -1 : 0));
if (direction == -mLastDirections[k]) {
// Direction changed
int extType = (direction > 0 ? 0 : 1); // minumum or maximum?
mLastExtremes[extType][k] = mLastValues[k];
float diff = Math.abs(mLastExtremes[extType][k] - mLastExtremes[1 - extType][k]);
if (diff > mLimit) {
boolean isAlmostAsLargeAsPrevious = diff > (mLastDiff[k] * 2 / 3);
boolean isPreviousLargeEnough = mLastDiff[k] > (diff / 3);
boolean isNotContra = (mLastMatch != 1 - extType);
if (isAlmostAsLargeAsPrevious && isPreviousLargeEnough && isNotContra) {
for (StepListener stepListener : mStepListeners) {
stepListener.onStep();
}
mLastMatch = extType;
} else {
mLastMatch = -1;
}
}
mLastDiff[k] = diff;
}
mLastDirections[k] = direction;
mLastValues[k] = v;
detecting = false;
}
当然里面还用的很多其他技术,就不一一说明了,我把代码上传到CSDN上面,有兴趣的可以研读下。