Redis学习笔记—Redis的安装和配置(集群)

##集群规划 要让Redis3.0 集群正常工作至少需要3 个Master 节点,要想实现高可用,每个Master 节点要配备至少1 个Slave 节点。根据以上特点和要求,进行如下的集群实施规划: 使用6 台服务器(物理机或虚拟机)部署3 个Master + 3 个Slave

IP服务端口(默认6379)集群端口(服务端口数+10000)
10.1.200.77711117111
10.1.200.78711217112
10.1.200.87711317113
10.1.200.118711417114
10.1.200.120711517115
10.1.200.125711617116

##安装 环境CentOS 6.7

Redis版本redis-3.0.7

安装目录/usr/local/redis

安装步骤: 1、编译和安装所需的包:

yum install gcc tcl 

2、创建安装目录:

mkdir /usr/local/redis 

3、解压安装包:

tar -zxvf redis-3.0.7.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/redis-3.0.7

4、安装(使用PREFIX指定安装目录):

make
make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install 

安装完成后,可以看到/usr/local/redis目录下有一个bin目录,bin目录里就是redis的命令脚本:

redis-benchmark  
redis-check-aof  
redis-check-dump  
redis-cli  
redis-server 

##配置 ###将Redis添加到环境变量中 1、在每个节点如下操作:

vim /etc/profile 

2、在最后添加以下内容:

export REDIS_HOME=/usr/local/redis
export PATH=$REDIS_HOME/bin:$PATH

3、使配置生效:

source /etc/profile 

###设置防火墙端口 1、按规划:防火墙中打开相应的端口:

vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables 

2、每个节点添加如下配置: 10.1.200.77服务器:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 7111 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 17111 -j ACCEPT

10.1.200.78服务器:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 7112 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 17112 -j ACCEPT

10.1.200.87服务器:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 7113 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 17113 -j ACCEPT

10.1.200.118服务器:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 7114 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 17114 -j ACCEPT

10.1.200.120服务器:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 7115 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 17115 -j ACCEPT

10.1.200.125服务器:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 7116 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 17116 -j ACCEPT

3、每个节点重启防火墙:

service iptables restart

###将Redis配置成服务 1、Redis的启动脚本为:/usr/local/redis-3.0.7/utils/redis_init_script 在每个节点上将启动脚本复制到/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录下,并命名为redis

cp /usr/local/redis-3.0.7/utils/redis_init_script /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis 

2、编辑/etc/rc.d/init.d/redis,修改相应配置,使之能注册成为服务:

vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis 
#!/bin/sh
#
# Simple Redis init.d script conceived to work on Linux systems
# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.

REDISPORT=6379
EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli

PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_${REDISPORT}.pid
CONF="/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}.conf"

case "$1" in
    start)
        if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
                echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"
        else
                echo "Starting Redis server..."
                $EXEC $CONF
        fi
        ;;
    stop)
        if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
                echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"
        else
                PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
                echo "Stopping ..."
                $CLIEXEC -p $REDISPORT shutdown
                while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]
                do
                    echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."
                    sleep 1
                done
                echo "Redis stopped"
        fi
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Please use start or stop as first argument"
        ;;
esac

查看以上Redis服务脚本,做如下几个修改: 1)在脚本的第一行后面添加一行内容如下:

#chkconfig: 2345 80 90 

注:如果不添加上面的内容,在注册服务时会提示:service redis does not support chkconfig

2)REDISPORT端口修改各节点对应的端口。

注:端口名将与下面的配置文件名有关。

3)EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server改为 EXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server 4)CLIEXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli 改为CLIEXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli 5) 配置文件设置,对CONF属性作如下调整: CONF="/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}.conf" 改为 CONF="/usr/local/redis/cluster/${REDISPORT}/redis-${REDISPORT}.conf" 6)更改Redis开启的命令,以后台运行的方式执行:

$EXEC $CONF &   

注:“&”作用是将服务转到后面运行

修改后的/etc/rc.d/init.d/redis服务脚本内容为:

#!/bin/sh
#chkconfig: 2345 80 90 
#
# Simple Redis init.d script conceived to work on Linux systems
# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.

REDISPORT=7111
EXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli

PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_${REDISPORT}.pid
CONF="/usr/local/redis/cluster/${REDISPORT}/redis-${REDISPORT}.conf"

case "$1" in
    start)
        if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
                echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"
        else
                echo "Starting Redis server..."
                $EXEC $CONF &
        fi
        ;;
    stop)
        if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
                echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"
        else
                PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
                echo "Stopping ..."
                $CLIEXEC -p $REDISPORT shutdown
                while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]
                do
                    echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."
                    sleep 1
                done
                echo "Redis stopped"
        fi
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Please use start or stop as first argument"
        ;;
esac

3、以上配置操作完成后,便可将Redis注册成为服务:

chkconfig --add redis 

###修改Redis配置文件 1、在每个节点创建集群配置目录 ,并拷贝 redis.conf配置文件到各节点配置目录 10.1.200.77服务器:

mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/cluster/7111
cp /usr/local/redis-3.0.7/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/cluster/7111/redis-7111.conf

10.1.200.78服务器:

mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/cluster/7112
cp /usr/local/redis-3.0.7/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/cluster/7112/redis-7112.conf

10.1.200.87服务器:

mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/cluster/7113
cp /usr/local/redis-3.0.7/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/cluster/7113/redis-7113.conf

10.1.200.118服务器:

mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/cluster/7114
cp /usr/local/redis-3.0.7/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/cluster/7114/redis-7114.conf

10.1.200.120服务器:

mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/cluster/7115
cp /usr/local/redis-3.0.7/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/cluster/7115/redis-7115.conf

10.1.200.125服务器:

mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/cluster/7116
cp /usr/local/redis-3.0.7/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/cluster/7116/redis-7116.conf

2、在6个节点的redis.conf配置文件内容,注意修改下红色字体部分的内容即可,其他都相同:

配置选项选项值说明
daemonizeyes是否作为守护进程运行
pidfile/var/run/redis-7111.pid如以后台进程运行,则需指定一个pid,默认为/var/run/redis.pid
port7111监听端口,默认为6379。注意:集群通讯端口值默认为此端口值+10000,如17111
databases1用数据库数,默认值为16,默认数据库存储在DB 0号ID库中,无特殊需求,建议仅设置一个数据库 databases 1
cluster-enabledyes打开redis集群
cluster-config-file/usr/local/redis/cluster/7111/nodes.conf集群配置文件(启动自动生成),不用人为干涉
cluster-node-timeout15000节点互连超时时间。毫秒
cluster-migration-barrier1数据迁移的副本临界数,这个参数表示的是,一个主节点在拥有多少个好的从节点的时候就要割让一个从节点出来给另一个没有任何从节点的主节点。
cluster-require-full-coverageyes如果某一些key space没有被集群中任何节点覆盖,集群将停止接受写入。
appendonlyyes启用aof持久化方式。因为redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的,所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认值为no
dir/usr/local/redis/cluster/7111节点数据持久化存放目录(建议配置)
包含了最少选项的集群配置文件示例如下:
port7000
cluster-enabledyes
cluster-config-filenodes.conf
cluster-node-timeout5000
appendonlyyes

###启动每个节点 1、使用如下命令启动这6个Redis节点实例: 10.1.200.77服务器:

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/7111/redis-7111.conf 

10.1.200.78服务器:

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/7112/redis-7112.conf 

10.1.200.87服务器:

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/7113/redis-7113.conf 

10.1.200.118服务器:

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/7114/redis-7114.conf 

10.1.200.120服务器:

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/7115/redis-7115.conf 

10.1.200.125服务器:

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/7116/redis-7116.conf 

2、启动之后用PS命令查看实例启动情况:

ps -ef | grep redis 

10.1.200.77服务器:

[root@centos4 7111]#  ps -ef | grep redis                         
root      14251      1  0 13:37 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server *:7111 [cluster]                             
root      14259  13698  0 13:40 pts/0    00:00:00 grep redis

10.1.200.78服务器:

[root@centos4 ~]# ps -ef | grep redis                        
root      12123      1  0 13:38 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server *:7112 [cluster]                             
root      12144  11666  0 13:41 pts/0    00:00:00 grep redis

10.1.200.87服务器:

[root@centos4 ~]# ps -ef | grep redis                        
root      12063      1  0 13:38 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server *:7113 [cluster]                             
root      12079  11603  0 13:42 pts/0    00:00:00 grep redis

10.1.200.118服务器:

[root@centos4 ~]# ps -ef | grep redis                         
root       9509      1  0 13:39 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server *:7114 [cluster]                             
root       9541   8125  0 13:43 pts/0    00:00:00 grep redis

10.1.200.120服务器:

[root@centos4 ~]# ps -ef | grep redis                        
root       9497      1  0 13:39 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server *:7115 [cluster]                             
root       9529   8116  0 13:43 pts/0    00:00:00 grep redis

10.1.200.125服务器:

[root@centos4 ~]# ps -ef | grep redis                        
root       9316      1  0 13:39 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server *:7116 [cluster]                             
root       9352   7955  0 13:43 pts/0    00:00:00 grep redis

注意:启动完毕后,6个Redis实例尚未构成集群。

##创建集群 1、在每个节点上安装rubyrubygems(注意:需要ruby的版本在1.8.7 以上)

yum install ruby rubygems 

2、检查ruby版本:

[root@centos4 ~]# ruby -v
ruby 1.8.7 (2013-06-27 patchlevel 374) [x86_64-linux]

3、替换rubygems.org镜像:

[root@centos4 ~]# gem sources --add https://ruby.taobao.org/ --remove http://rubygems.org/ 
https://ruby.taobao.org/ added to sources
http://rubygems.org/ removed from sources
[root@centos4 ~]# gem sources -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

https://ruby.taobao.org/

4、gem安装redis ruby接口:

[root@centos4 ~]# gem install redis
Successfully installed redis-3.3.1
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for redis-3.3.1...
Installing RDoc documentation for redis-3.3.1...

5、执行Redis集群创建命令(只需要在其中一个节点上执行一次则可):

[root@centos4 bin]# cp /usr/local/redis-3.0.7/src/redis-trib.rb /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-trib
[root@centos4 bin]# redis-trib create --replicas 1 10.1.200.118:7114 10.1.200.120:7115 10.1.200.125:7116 10.1.200.77:7111 10.1.200.78:7112 10.1.200.87:7113
>>> Creating cluster
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Using 3 masters:
10.1.200.125:7116
10.1.200.120:7115
10.1.200.87:7113
Adding replica 10.1.200.118:7114 to 10.1.200.125:7116
Adding replica 10.1.200.78:7112 to 10.1.200.120:7115
Adding replica 10.1.200.77:7111 to 10.1.200.87:7113
S: 967f4154bc4ced3c0c76a74c280f2779f2f70fb2 10.1.200.118:7114
   replicates 7226e609e47616e0d3cff2f80831ac6d811e0027
M: 778b0cd6414d92ad4aec93754445648fc57963ca 10.1.200.120:7115
   slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
M: 7226e609e47616e0d3cff2f80831ac6d811e0027 10.1.200.125:7116
   slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
S: c812379709120ab74b20bd76dd2b9fcaf6c62209 10.1.200.77:7111
   replicates bb79ff3fdf24a99df6ebb93d17f026bb81eb221b
S: e1ced4f32594b0d2b82b268059e2ce89abebfde5 10.1.200.78:7112
   replicates 778b0cd6414d92ad4aec93754445648fc57963ca
M: bb79ff3fdf24a99df6ebb93d17f026bb81eb221b 10.1.200.87:7113
   slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
(输入 yes 并按下回车确认之后,集群就会将配置应用到各个节点,并连接起(join)各个节点,也就是让各个节点开始互相通讯) 
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join....
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 10.1.200.118:7114)
M: 967f4154bc4ced3c0c76a74c280f2779f2f70fb2 10.1.200.118:7114
   slots: (0 slots) master
   replicates 7226e609e47616e0d3cff2f80831ac6d811e0027
M: 778b0cd6414d92ad4aec93754445648fc57963ca 10.1.200.120:7115
   slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
M: 7226e609e47616e0d3cff2f80831ac6d811e0027 10.1.200.125:7116
   slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
M: c812379709120ab74b20bd76dd2b9fcaf6c62209 10.1.200.77:7111
   slots: (0 slots) master
   replicates bb79ff3fdf24a99df6ebb93d17f026bb81eb221b
M: e1ced4f32594b0d2b82b268059e2ce89abebfde5 10.1.200.78:7112
   slots: (0 slots) master
   replicates 778b0cd6414d92ad4aec93754445648fc57963ca
M: bb79ff3fdf24a99df6ebb93d17f026bb81eb221b 10.1.200.87:7113
   slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
(一切正常的情况下输出以下信息:)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

最后一行信息表示集群中的 16384 个槽都有至少一个主节点在处理, 集群运作正常。 6、集群创建过程说明: 1)给定redis-trib程序的命令是create,这表示我们希望创建一个新的集群。 2)这里的--replicas 1表示每个主节点下有一个从节点。 3)之后跟着的其它参数则是实例的地址列表,程序使用这些地址所指示的实例来创建新集群。 总的来说,以上命令的意思就是让redis-trib程序创建一个包含三个主节点和三个从节点的集群。 接着,redis-trib会打印出一份预想中的配置给你看,如果你觉得没问题的话(注意核对主从关系是否是你想要的),就可以输入 yesredis-trib 就会将这份配置应用到集群当中。 7、集群创建遇到问题: 1)执行Redis集群创建命令出现如下异常:

[root@centos4 ~]# redis-trib create --replicas 1 10.1.200.118:7114 10.1.200.120:7115 10.1.200.125:7116 10.1.200.77:7111 10.1.200.78:7112 10.1.200.87:7113
>>> Creating cluster
[ERR] Sorry, can't connect to node 10.1.200.118:7114

这个错误表示无法连接到10.1.200.118:7114这个节点,查看10.1.200.118:7114这个节点发现服务器重启之后没有启动这个节点实例,使用如下命令重新启动节点实例:

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/7114/redis-7114.conf

重新执行Redis集群创建命令,发现其他节点也无法连接,依次重启其他节点。 2)执行Redis集群创建命令出现如下异常:

[root@centos4 ~]# redis-trib create --replicas 1 10.1.200.118:7114 10.1.200.120:7115 10.1.200.125:7116 10.1.200.77:7111 10.1.200.78:7112 10.1.200.87:7113
>>> Creating cluster
[ERR] Node 10.1.200.78:7112 is not empty. Either the node already knows other nodes (check with CLUSTER NODES) or contains some key in database 0.

这个错误表示10.1.200.78:7112这个节点不为空,

##集群简单测试 1、在10.1.200.118:7114节点操作:

[root@centos4 redis-3.0.7]# redis-cli -c -p 7114 
127.0.0.1:7114> set dj daijiong
-> Redirected to slot [2562] located at 10.1.200.125:7116
OK
10.1.200.125:7116> get dj
"daijiong"
10.1.200.125:7116> 

2、在10.1.200.77:7111节点操作:

[root@centos4 bin]# redis-cli -c -p 7111
127.0.0.1:7111> get dj
-> Redirected to slot [2562] located at 10.1.200.125:7116
"daijiong"
10.1.200.125:7116>

3、查看各个节点信息:

[root@centos4 bin]# redis-cli -p 7111 cluster nodes
967f4154bc4ced3c0c76a74c280f2779f2f70fb2 10.1.200.118:7114 slave 7226e609e47616e0d3cff2f80831ac6d811e0027 0 1469521364098 3 connected
778b0cd6414d92ad4aec93754445648fc57963ca 10.1.200.120:7115 master - 0 1469521362053 2 connected 5461-10922
bb79ff3fdf24a99df6ebb93d17f026bb81eb221b 10.1.200.87:7113 master - 0 1469521361028 6 connected 10923-16383
e1ced4f32594b0d2b82b268059e2ce89abebfde5 10.1.200.78:7112 slave 778b0cd6414d92ad4aec93754445648fc57963ca 0 1469521360006 5 connected
7226e609e47616e0d3cff2f80831ac6d811e0027 10.1.200.125:7116 master - 0 1469521363073 3 connected 0-5460
c812379709120ab74b20bd76dd2b9fcaf6c62209 10.1.200.77:7111 myself,slave bb79ff3fdf24a99df6ebb93d17f026bb81eb221b 0 0 4 connected

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/djflying/blog/726968

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