练习十一：bash配置文件

一、练习

    1.定义对所有用户都生效的命令别名，例如sl同于ls命令的功能？

[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# echo "alias sl='ls --color=auto'" >> /etc/bashrc
[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# sl
-bash: sl: 未找到命令
[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# source /etc/bashrc 
[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# sl
anaconda-ks.cfg  pptpd-1.4.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm  vpnsetup.sh   zabbix-release-3.5-1.el7.noarch.rpm
ip_forward~      scripts   

#切换到其他用户
[wybaron@wybaron_host1015 ~]$ sl /etc/
abrt                     dracut.conf         inputrc                   my.cnf             rc1.d           subgid
adjtime                  dracut.conf.d       iproute2                  my.cnf.d           rc2.d           subuid
aliases                  e2fsck.conf         issue                     nanorc             rc3.d           sudo.conf
aliases.db               environment         issue.net                 netconfig          rc4.d           sudoers
alternatives             ethertypes       

    2.增加用户的PATH环境变量的值，例如多出一个路径：/usr/local/apache5/bin 。

        1）仅管理员可以使用？

# 临时生效
[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache5/bin
## root用户
[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/apache5/bin
##其他用户
[wybaron@wybaron_host1015 ~]$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/wybaron/.local/bin:/home/wybaron/bin


# 永久有效
[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache5/bin" >> .bash_profile
[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# . .bash_profile
## root用户
[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/apache5/bin
## 其他用户
[wybaron@wybaron_host1015 ~]$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/wybaron/.local/bin:/home/wybaron/bin

        2）所有用户均可使用？

[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache5/bin" >> /etc/bashrc
# root用户
[root@wybaron_host1015 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/apache5/bin:/root/bin
# 其他用户
[wybaron@wybaron_host1015 ~]$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/wybaron/.local/bin:/home/wybaron/bin

二、补充

    bash快捷键

    

组合	功用
Ctrl+A	光标跳至命令开头处
Ctrl+C	终止当前的命令
Ctrl+D	输入结束（EOF），比如邮件的结束
Ctrl+E	光标跳至命令结尾处
Ctrl+M	相当于Enter键
Ctrl+S	暂停、锁定屏幕操作
Ctrl+Q	恢复屏幕操作
Ctrl+U	删除光标位置至命令开头的所有字符
Ctrl+Z	“暂停”目前的命令

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/comics/blog/2221654