Ubuntu 14.04 设置Android开发环境

准备Java环境

本文只安装sdk，不安装什么IDE，因为我只需要命令行模式开发即可。

首先安装openjdk 1.6，然后安装ant，这个不赘述。

下载SDK

从这里下载SDK for Linux 64bit的版本: http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html?hl=sk#download

下载后，解压到本地目录，比如/opt/目录下， 然后设置环境变量，添加三行到~/.bashrc文件

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1. export ANDROID_HOME=/opt/android-sdk-linux  
2. PATH=$PATH:/opt/android-sdk-linux/tools  
3. PATH=$PATH:/opt/android-sdk-linux/platform-tools  

运行Android SDK Manager

运行android命令，将会弹出SDK Manager对话框，从中选择需要的package进行安装

安装模拟设备

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1. android avd  

具体参考官方文档： http://developer.android.com/training/basics/firstapp/running-app.html

我为自己的moto680创建了一个模拟设备。  最后运行该模拟设备。

创建工程

显示targets

$ android list targets  
Available Android targets:  
----------  
id: 1 or "android-10"  
Name: Android 2.3.3  
Type: Platform  
API level: 10  
Revision: 2  
Skins: WQVGA400, HVGA, WVGA854, QVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default)  
Tag/ABIs : default/armeabi  
----------  
id: 2 or "android-19"  
Name: Android 4.4.2  
     Type: Platform  
     API level: 19  
     Revision: 3  
     Skins: WQVGA400, HVGA, WXGA800-7in, WXGA800, WVGA854, QVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default), WSVGA, WXGA720  
 Tag/ABIs : default/armeabi-v7a  
----------  
id: 3 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:10"  
     Name: Google APIs  
     Type: Add-On  
     Vendor: Google Inc.  
     Revision: 2  
     Description: Android + Google APIs  
     Based on Android 2.3.3 (API level 10)  
     Libraries:  
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)  
          API for USB Accessories  
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)  
          API for Google Maps  
     Skins: WVGA854, WVGA800 (default), WQVGA400, QVGA, WQVGA432, HVGA  
 Tag/ABIs : default/armeabi  
----------  
id: 4 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs x86:19"  
     Name: Google APIs x86  
     Type: Add-On  
     Vendor: Google Inc.  
     Revision: 4  
     Description: Android + Google APIs x86  
     Based on Android 4.4.2 (API level 19)  
     Libraries:  
      * com.google.android.media.effects (effects.jar)  
          Collection of video effects  
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)  
          API for USB Accessories  
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)  
          API for Google Maps  
     Skins: WVGA800 (default), QVGA, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WQVGA400, WVGA854, WXGA720, WXGA800, WQVGA432, HVGA  
 Tag/ABIs : default/x86  

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1. 
   

创建工程

$ android create project --target android-10 --name MyFirstApp \  
--path MyFirstApp --activity MainActivity --package com.example.myfirstapp  
> Created project directory: MyFirstApp  
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/src/com/example/myfirstapp  
Added file MyFirstApp/src/com/example/myfirstapp/MainActivity.java  
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/res  
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/bin  
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/libs  
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/res/values  
Added file MyFirstApp/res/values/strings.xml  
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/res/layout  
Added file MyFirstApp/res/layout/main.xml  
Added file MyFirstApp/AndroidManifest.xml  
Added file MyFirstApp/build.xml  
Added file MyFirstApp/proguard-project.txt  
dean@dean-Aspire-V7-481G:~/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example$ ls  
MyFirstApp  README  
dean@dean-Aspire-V7-481G:~/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example$ cd MyFirstApp/  
dean@dean-Aspire-V7-481G:~/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp$ ls  
AndroidManifest.xml  ant.properties  bin  build.xml  libs  local.properties  proguard-project.txt  project.properties  res  src 

编译

运行下面的命令编译

ant debug  

[aapt] /opt/android-sdk-linux/build-tools/19.0.3/aapt: error while loading shared libraries: libz.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory  

安装库：

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1. sudo apt-get install lib32z1  

部署程序到模拟器

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1. $ adb install bin/MyFirstApp-debug.apk  
2. 97 KB/s (4858 bytes in 0.048s)  
3.     pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyFirstApp-debug.apk  
4. Success  

运行程序

好了，现在可以在模拟器里面运行程序了。 运行程序MainActivity，显示下面的文字:

Hello World, MainActivity

该文字其实是定义在./res/layout/main.xml 文件中:

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
2. <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
3.     android:orientation="vertical"  
4.     android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
5.     android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
6.     >  
7. <TextView    
8.     android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
9.     android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
10.     android:text="Hello World, MainActivity"  
11.     />  
12. </LinearLayout>  

定义应用程序名称

如果想要修改Android中的应用程序名，不是在pom.xml中编辑，而是在src/values/strings.xml中定义，比如：

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
2. <resources>  
3.     <string name="app_name">mvn_example1</string>  
4.     <string name="edit_message">Enter a message</string>  
5.     <string name="button_send">Send</string>  
6.     <string name="action_settings">Settings</string>  
7.     <string name="title_activity_main">MainActivity</string>  
8. </resources>