Qt实现HTTP的Get/Post请求

借助Qt的NetWork模块，可以轻松的实现HTTP的Get/Post请求，而不需要再次引用像libcurl这样的第三方库。
当然，Qt的NetWork模块提供的功能远远不只是HTTP方面的。

头文件

#include <QNetworkRequest>
#include <QNetworkReply>
#include <QNetworkAccessManager>

另外，使用Qt网络模块还需要引用Qt5Network.lib库。

Get

先构造一个QNetworkAccessManager对象，QNetworkAccessManager对象提供了发送QNetworkRequest网络请求和接收QNetworkReply网络回复的功能。

QNetworkAccessManager还提供了缓存和Cookie管理、代理设置等功能。详见：https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qnetworkaccessmanager.html

QNetworkRequest提供了对本次网络请求的封装，在本示例中只是构造了一个最简单的requset，没有进行任何参数设置。QNetworkRequest提供了很多方法来对请求进行配置，比如我们可以使用QNetworkRequest::setHeader设置请求头等。详见：https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qnetworkrequest.html

void QtGuiApplication::onBtnGetClicked() {
	QNetworkRequest request;
	QNetworkAccessManager* naManager = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);
	QMetaObject::Connection connRet = QObject::connect(naManager, SIGNAL(finished(QNetworkReply*)), this, SLOT(requestFinished(QNetworkReply*)));
	Q_ASSERT(connRet);

	request.setUrl(QUrl("https://www.baidu.com"));
	QNetworkReply* reply = naManager->get(request);
}

请求是异步的，当请求完成之后，会调用void requestFinished(QNetworkReply* reply);槽函数：

void QtGuiApplication::requestFinished(QNetworkReply* reply) {
	// 获取http状态码
	QVariant statusCode = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
	if(statusCode.isValid())
		qDebug() << "status code=" << statusCode.toInt();

	QVariant reason = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpReasonPhraseAttribute).toString();
	if(reason.isValid())
		qDebug() << "reason=" << reason.toString();

	QNetworkReply::NetworkError err = reply->error();
	if(err != QNetworkReply::NoError) {
		qDebug() << "Failed: " << reply->errorString();
	}
	else {
		// 获取返回内容
		qDebug() << reply->readAll();
	}
}

Post

void QtGuiApplication::onBtnPushClicked() {
	QNetworkRequest request;
	QNetworkAccessManager* naManager = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);
	QMetaObject::Connection connRet = QObject::connect(naManager, SIGNAL(finished(QNetworkReply*)), this, SLOT(requestFinished(QNetworkReply*)));
	Q_ASSERT(connRet);

	request.setUrl(QUrl("https://www.baidu.com"));
	
	QString testData = "test";
	QNetworkReply* reply = naManager->post(request, testData.toUtf8());
}

同样，请求也是异步的，当请求完成之后，会调用void requestFinished(QNetworkReply* reply);槽函数（和Get一样）：

void QtGuiApplication::requestFinished(QNetworkReply* reply) {
	// 获取http状态码
	QVariant statusCode = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
	if(statusCode.isValid())
		qDebug() << "status code=" << statusCode.toInt();

	QVariant reason = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpReasonPhraseAttribute).toString();
	if(reason.isValid())
		qDebug() << "reason=" << reason.toString();

	QNetworkReply::NetworkError err = reply->error();
	if(err != QNetworkReply::NoError) {
		qDebug() << "Failed: " << reply->errorString();
	}
	else {
		// 获取返回内容
		qDebug() << reply->readAll();
	}
}