spring cloud中容错处理Hystrix

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-16 11:01:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-06-16 11:01:41 发布

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spring cloud中容错处理Hystrix

一、简介

Hystrix是Netflix开源的延迟和容错工具库，在分布式环境中，提供了超时和熔断功能。同时提供了服务监控功能，结合Turbine，可以聚合监控各Hystrix各端点数据。

二、开发步骤

2.1 容错开发步骤

熔断功能是在调用端配置，也就是客户端开发，步骤如下：

在客户端启动类添加注解@EnableHystrix；
在调用方法上添加@HystrixCommand注解，注解参数指定熔断处理方法名，并实现熔断处理方法；

2.2 开启监控功能步骤

监控是新开服务，区别客户端，开发步骤如下：

监控服务启动类上添加注解@EnableHystrixDashboard；
监控服务启动后，在浏览器上打开类似地址http://localhost:8015/hystrix，在监控输入框中输入监控对象，类似
http://localhost:8054/actuator/hystrix.stream

2.3 开启聚合监控功能步骤

结合turbine，可以对多个hystrix进行聚合监控，步骤如下：

在监控服务启动类上添加注解@EnableTurbine；

application.yaml中添加聚合监控配置，如下：

turbine:
  app-config: spring-cloud-client-hystrix  #监控的对象，多个用英文逗号分隔
  combine-host-port: true
  cluster-name-expression: new String("default")

监控服务启动后，在浏览器上打开类似地址http://localhost:8015/hystrix，在监控输入框中输入监控对象，类似
http://localhost:8054/turbine.stream

三、示例

这里使用注册中心spring_cloud_register_center、客户端spring_cloud_client_hystrix、监控服务spring_cloud_hystrix进行示例。

3.1 注册中心

注册中心为spring_cloud_register_center项目。

3.1.1 maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.dragon.study</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_cloud_register_center</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring_cloud_register_center</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3.1.2 application.yaml配置

server:
  port: 8010
spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-register-center
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/
    fetchRegistry: false #是否拉取注册信息，由于注册中心是单个结点，不需要拉取
    registerWithEureka: false #是否注册自己，由于当前就是注册中心，帮不需要注册

3.1.3 启动类

package com.dragon.study.spring_cloud_register_center;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class SpringCloudRegisterCenterApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudRegisterCenterApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.2 客户端

客户端，即调用方为spring_cloud_client_hystrix项目。

3.2.1 maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.dragon.study</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_cloud_client_hystrix</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring_cloud_client_hystrix</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.6</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3.2.2 application.yaml配置

server:
  port: 8054
spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-client-hystrix
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8010/eureka/

3.2.3 客户端相关类

定义实体bean类Stu.java

package com.dragon.study.spring_cloud_provider.bean;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Stu {
    private String stuId;
    private  Integer age;
}

定义服务controller类StuController.java

package com.dragon.study.spring_cloud_client_hystrix.controller;
import com.dragon.study.spring_cloud_client_hystrix.bean.Stu;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("stu")
public class StuController {
    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    //当服务不可用时，调用指定的熔断处理方法为getStuFallback
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getStuFallback")
    @RequestMapping("getStu")
    public Object getStu(Stu stu) {
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        map.add("stuId", stu.getStuId());
        map.add("age", stu.getAge());
        return restTemplate.postForObject("http://spring-cloud-provider/stu/getStu", map, Stu.class);
    }

    //熔断方法
    public Stu getStuFallback(Stu stu) {
        return new Stu("000", 18);
    }
}

定义启动类SpringCloudClientHystrixApplication.java

package com.dragon.study.spring_cloud_client_hystrix;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableHystrix //开启熔断
public class SpringCloudClientHystrixApplication {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudClientHystrixApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.3 监控服务

监控服务为spring_cloud_hystrix项目。

3.3.1 maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.dragon.study</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_cloud_hystrix</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring_cloud_hystrix</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-turbine</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-turbine</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3.3.2 application.yaml配置

server:
  port: 8015
spring:
  application:
    name: sprin-cloud-hystrix
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8010/eureka/
turbine:
  app-config: spring-cloud-client-hystrix  #监控的对象，多个用英文逗号分隔
  combine-host-port: true
  cluster-name-expression: new String("default")
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

4.4 测试

依次启动注册中心spring_cloud_register_center、客户端spring_cloud_client_hystrix、监控服务spring_cloud_hystrix。

常规测试：

#在客户端调用，由于无可用服务，故返回结果为熔断方法中的结果
GET http://localhost:8054/stu/getStu?stuId=001&age=17
Accept: application/json

上面输出如下：

{
  "stuId": "000",
  "age": 18
}

监控测试，在浏览器打开http://10.131.30.98:8015/hystrix，在输入界面输入：

http://10.131.30.98:8054/actuator/hystrix.stream ,进行单个hystrix测试；
http://10.131.30.98:8015/turbine.stream，进行聚全测试；

四、备注

4.1 监控界面出错

报错：监控界面一直是loading状态
解决：检查调整方法是带容错(熔错)功能，检查是否因maven版本依赖导致的js报错。

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spring cloud中容错处理Hystrix

spring cloud中容错处理Hystrix一、简介Hystrix是Netflix开源的延迟和容错工具库，在分布式环境中，提供了超时和熔断功能。同时提供了服务监控功能，结合Turbine，可以聚合监控各Hystrix各端点数据。二、开发步骤2.1 容错开发步骤熔断功能是在调用端配置，也就是客户端开发，步骤如下：在客户端启动类添加注解@EnableHystrix；在调用方法上添加@HystrixCommand注解，注解参数指定熔断处理方法名，并实现熔断处理方法；2.2 开启监控功能步骤
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