Android中获取定位信息的方式有很多种,系统自带的LocationManager,都能帮助我们获取当前经纬度,但第三方厂商一般都需要申请相关的key,且调用量高时,还会产生资费问题,这篇文章主要介绍了Android获取经纬度的完美解决方案,需要的朋友可以参考下
Android中获取定位信息的方式有很多种,系统自带的LocationManager,以及第三方厂商提供的一些定位sdk,都能帮助我们获取当前经纬度,但第三方厂商一般都需要申请相关的key,且调用量高时,还会产生资费问题。这里采用LocationManager + FusedLocationProviderClient 的方式进行经纬度的获取,以解决普通场景下获取经纬度和经纬度转换地址的功能。
一,添加定位权限
<!--允许获取精确位置,精准定位必选-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<!--后台获取位置信息,若需后台定位则必选-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />
<!--用于申请调用A-GPS模块,卫星定位加速-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS" />
二,添加依赖库
implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.6.4'
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.6.2'
implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:21.0.1'
三,使用LocationManager获取当前经纬度
获取经纬度时,可根据自己的诉求进行参数自定义,如果对经纬度要求不是很精确的可以自行配置Criteria里面的参数。
获取定位前需要先判断相关的服务是否可用,获取定位的服务其实有很多种选择,因为个人项目对经纬度准确性要求较高,为了保证获取的成功率和准确性,只使用了GPS和网络定位两种,如果在国内还会有基站获取等方式,可以自行修改。
import android.Manifest.permission
import android.location.*
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log
import androidx.annotation.RequiresPermission
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeout
import kotlin.coroutines.resume
object LocationManagerUtils {
val TAG = "LocationManagerUtils"
/**
* @mLocationManager 传入LocationManager对象
* @minDistance 位置变化最小距离:当位置距离变化超过此值时,将更新位置信息(单位:米)
* @timeOut 超时时间,如果超时未返回,则直接使用默认值
*/
@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
suspend fun getCurrentPosition(
mLocationManager: LocationManager,
timeOut: Long = 3000,
):Location{
var locationListener : LocationListener?=null
return try {
//超时未返回则直接获取失败,返回默认值
withTimeout(timeOut){
suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->
//获取最佳定位方式,如果获取不到则默认采用网络定位。
var bestProvider = mLocationManager.getBestProvider(createCriteria(),true)
if (bestProvider.isNullOrEmpty()||bestProvider == "passive"){
bestProvider = "network"
}
Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:bestProvider:${bestProvider}")
locationListener = object : LocationListener {
override fun onLocationChanged(location: Location) {
Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:onCompete:${location.latitude},${location.longitude}")
if (continuation.isActive){
continuation.resume(location)
mLocationManager.removeUpdates(this)
}
}
override fun onProviderDisabled(provider: String) {
}
override fun onProviderEnabled(provider: String) {
}
}
//开始定位
mLocationManager.requestLocationUpdates(bestProvider,
1000,0f,
locationListener!!)
}
}
}catch (e:Exception){
try {
locationListener?.let {
mLocationManager.removeUpdates(it)
}
}catch (e:Exception){
Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:removeUpdate:${e.message}")
}
//超时直接返回默认的空对象
Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:onError:${e.message}")
return createDefaultLocation()
}
}
@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
suspend fun repeatLocation(mLocationManager: LocationManager):Location{
return suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->
//获取最佳定位方式,如果获取不到则默认采用网络定位。
var bestProvider = mLocationManager.getBestProvider(createCriteria(),true)
if (bestProvider.isNullOrEmpty()||bestProvider == "passive"){
bestProvider = "network"
}
Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:bestProvider:${bestProvider}")
val locationListener = object : LocationListener {
override fun onLocationChanged(location: Location) {
Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:onCompete:${location.latitude},${location.longitude}")
if (continuation.isActive){
continuation.resume(location)
}
mLocationManager.removeUpdates(this)
}
override fun onProviderDisabled(provider: String) {
}
override fun onProviderEnabled(provider: String) {
}
}
//开始定位
mLocationManager.requestLocationUpdates(bestProvider,1000, 0f, locationListener)
}
}
@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
fun getLastLocation( mLocationManager: LocationManager): Location {
//获取最佳定位方式,如果获取不到则默认采用网络定位。
var currentProvider = mLocationManager.getBestProvider(createCriteria(), true)
if (currentProvider.isNullOrEmpty()||currentProvider == "passive"){
currentProvider = "network"
}
return mLocationManager.getLastKnownLocation(currentProvider) ?: createDefaultLocation()
}
//创建定位默认值
fun createDefaultLocation():Location{
val location = Location("network")
location.longitude = 0.0
location.latitude = 0.0
return location
}
private fun createCriteria():Criteria{
return Criteria().apply {
accuracy = Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE
isAltitudeRequired = false
isBearingRequired = false
isCostAllowed = true
powerRequirement = Criteria.POWER_HIGH
isSpeedRequired = false
}
}
///定位是否可用
fun checkLocationManagerAvailable(mLocationManager: LocationManager):Boolean{
return mLocationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)||
mLocationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)
}
}
四,使用FusedLocationProviderClient
在获取经纬度时会出现各种异常的场景,会导致成功的回调一直无法触发,这里使用了协程,如果超过指定超时时间未返回,则直接默认为获取失败,进行下一步的处理。
import android.Manifest
import android.app.Activity
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Context.LOCATION_SERVICE
import android.content.Intent
import android.location.Geocoder
import android.location.Location
import android.location.LocationManager
import android.provider.Settings
import android.util.Log
import androidx.annotation.RequiresPermission
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeout
import java.io.IOException
import java.util.*
import kotlin.coroutines.resume
object FusedLocationProviderUtils {
val TAG = "FusedLocationUtils"
@RequiresPermission(anyOf = ["android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"])
suspend fun checkFusedLocationProviderAvailable(fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient):Boolean{
return try {
withTimeout(1000){
suspendCancellableCoroutine { continuation ->
fusedLocationClient.locationAvailability.addOnFailureListener {
Log.d(TAG, "locationAvailability:addOnFailureListener:${it.message}")
if (continuation.isActive){
continuation.resume(false)
}
}.addOnSuccessListener {
Log.d(TAG, "locationAvailability:addOnSuccessListener:${it.isLocationAvailable}")
if (continuation.isActive){
continuation.resume(it.isLocationAvailable)
}
}
}
}
}catch (e:Exception){
return false
}
}
///获取最后已知的定位信息
@RequiresPermission(anyOf = ["android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"])
suspend fun getLastLocation(fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient):Location{
return suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->
fusedLocationClient.lastLocation.addOnSuccessListener {
if (continuation.isActive){
Log.d(TAG, "current location success:$it")
if (it != null){
continuation.resume(it)
}else{
continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())
}
}
}.addOnFailureListener {
continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())
}
}
}
/**
* 获取当前定位,需要申请定位权限
*
*/
@RequiresPermission(anyOf = ["android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"])
suspend fun getCurrentPosition(fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient): Location {
return suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->
fusedLocationClient.getCurrentLocation(createLocationRequest(),object : CancellationToken(){
override fun onCanceledRequested(p0: OnTokenCanceledListener): CancellationToken {
return CancellationTokenSource().token
}
override fun isCancellationRequested(): Boolean {
return false
}
}).addOnSuccessListener {
if (continuation.isActive){
Log.d(TAG, "current location success:$it")
if (it != null){
continuation.resume(it)
}else{
continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())
}
}
}.addOnFailureListener {
Log.d(TAG, "current location fail:$it")
if (continuation.isActive){
continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())
}
}.addOnCanceledListener {
Log.d(TAG, "current location cancel:")
if (continuation.isActive){
continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())
}
}
}
}
//创建当前LocationRequest对象
private fun createLocationRequest():CurrentLocationRequest{
return CurrentLocationRequest.Builder()
.setDurationMillis(1000)
.setMaxUpdateAgeMillis(5000)
.setPriority(Priority.PRIORITY_HIGH_ACCURACY)
.build()
}
//创建默认值
private fun createDefaultLocation():Location{
val location = Location("network")
location.longitude = 0.0
location.latitude = 0.0
return location
}
}
五,整合LocationManager和FusedLocationProviderClient
在获取定位时,可能会出现GPS定位未开启的情况,所以不管是LocationManager或FusedLocationProviderClient都需要判断当前服务是否可用,获取定位时,如果GPS信号较弱等异常情况下,就需要考虑到获取定位超时的情况,这里使用了协程,如FusedLocationProviderClient超过3秒未获取成功,则直接切换到LocationManager进行二次获取,这是提升获取经纬度成功的关键。
在实际项目中,如果对获取经纬度有较高的考核要求时,通过结合LocationManager和FusedLocationProviderClient如果还是获取不到,可考虑集成第三方的进行进一步获取,可以考虑使用华为的免费融合定位服务,因为我们使用过百度地图的sdk,每天会出现千万分之五左右的定位错误和定位漂移问题。
import android.Manifest
import android.app.Activity
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Context.LOCATION_SERVICE
import android.content.Intent
import android.location.Geocoder
import android.location.Location
import android.location.LocationManager
import android.provider.Settings
import android.util.Log
import androidx.annotation.RequiresPermission
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeout
import java.io.IOException
import java.util.*
import kotlin.coroutines.resume
object LocationHelper {
fun getLocationServiceStatus(context: Context):Boolean{
return (context.getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager)
.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)
}
/**
* 打开定位服务设置
*/
fun openLocationSetting(context: Context):Boolean{
return try {
val settingsIntent = Intent()
settingsIntent.action = Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS
settingsIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT)
settingsIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
settingsIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY)
settingsIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS)
context.startActivity(settingsIntent)
true
} catch (ex: java.lang.Exception) {
false
}
}
/**
* 获取当前定位
*/
@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
suspend fun getLocation(context: Activity,timeOut: Long = 2000):Location{
val location = getLocationByFusedLocationProviderClient(context)
//默认使用FusedLocationProviderClient 如果FusedLocationProviderClient不可用或获取失败,则使用LocationManager进行二次获取
Log.d("LocationHelper", "getLocation:$location")
return if (location.latitude == 0.0){
getLocationByLocationManager(context, timeOut)
}else{
location
}
}
@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
private suspend fun getLocationByLocationManager(context: Activity,timeOut: Long = 2000):Location{
Log.d("LocationHelper", "getLocationByLocationManager")
val locationManager = context.getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager
//检查LocationManager是否可用
return if (LocationManagerUtils.checkLocationManagerAvailable(locationManager)){
//使用LocationManager获取当前经纬度
val location = LocationManagerUtils.getCurrentPosition(locationManager, timeOut)
if (location.latitude == 0.0){
LocationManagerUtils.getLastLocation(locationManager)
}else{
location
}
}else{
//获取失败,则采用默认经纬度
LocationManagerUtils.createDefaultLocation()
}
}
@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
private suspend fun getLocationByFusedLocationProviderClient(context: Activity):Location{
Log.d("LocationHelper", "getLocationByFusedLocationProviderClient")
//使用FusedLocationProviderClient进行定位
val fusedLocationClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(context)
return if (FusedLocationProviderUtils.checkFusedLocationProviderAvailable(fusedLocationClient)){
withContext(Dispatchers.IO){
//使用FusedLocationProviderClient获取当前经纬度
val location = FusedLocationProviderUtils.getCurrentPosition(fusedLocationClient)
if (location.latitude == 0.0){
FusedLocationProviderUtils.getLastLocation(fusedLocationClient)
}else{
location
}
}
}else{
LocationManagerUtils.createDefaultLocation()
}
}
}
注:因为获取定位是比较耗电的操作,在实际使用时,可增加缓存机制,比如2分钟之内频繁,则返回上一次缓存的数据,如果超过2分钟则重新获取一次,并缓存起来。
六,获取当前经纬度信息或经纬度转换地址
1,获取当前经纬度
@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
fun getCurrentLocation(activity:Activity){
if (activity != null){
val exceptionHandler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, exception ->
}
viewModelScope.launch(exceptionHandler) {
val location = LocationHelper.getLocation(activity!!)
val map = HashMap<String,String>()
map["latitude"] ="${location.latitude}"
map["longitude"] = "${location.longitude}"
}
}
}
2,经纬度转换地址
/**
* @param latitude 经度
* @param longitude 纬度
* @return 详细位置信息
*/
suspend fun convertAddress(context: Context, latitude: Double, longitude: Double): String {
return try {
withTimeout(3000){
suspendCancellableCoroutine { continuation ->
try {
val mGeocoder = Geocoder(context, Locale.getDefault())
val mStringBuilder = StringBuilder()
if (Geocoder.isPresent()){
val mAddresses = mGeocoder.getFromLocation(latitude, longitude, 1)
if (mAddresses!= null &&mAddresses.size >0) {
val address = mAddresses[0]
Log.d("LocationUtils", "convertAddress()--->$address")
mStringBuilder.append(address.getAddressLine(0)?:"")
.append(",")
.append(address.adminArea?:address.subAdminArea?:"")
.append(",")
.append(address.locality?:address.subLocality?:"")
.append(",")
.append(address.thoroughfare?:address.subThoroughfare?:"")
}
}
if (continuation.isActive){
continuation.resume(mStringBuilder.toString())
}
} catch (e: IOException) {
Log.d("LocationUtils", "convertAddress()--IOException->${e.message}")
if (continuation.isActive){
continuation.resume("")
}
}
}
}
}catch (e:Exception){
Log.d("LocationUtils", "convertAddress()--->timeout")
return ""
}
}
调用时:
fun covertAddress(latitude:double,longitude:double){
if (activity != null){
val exceptionHandler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, exception ->
}
viewModelScope.launch(exceptionHandler) {
val hashMap = argument as HashMap<*, *>
withContext(Dispatchers.IO){
val address = LocationHelper.convertAddress(activity!!,
"${hashMap["latitude"]}".toDouble(),
"${hashMap["longitude"]}".toDouble())
}
}
}
}
注:经纬度转换地址时,需要开启一个线程或者协程进行转换,不然会阻塞主线程,引发异常。
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