Java里面没有readonly关键字,预留了const的关键字,目前还没有实际用途,在Java中,跟这两个关键字比较接近的是final;C#中,两者都存在并可用. 两者修饰的field或local variable都不能被修改.下面是Java中final与C#中const以及readonly之间的联系和区别
1. C#中,const可以修饰field和local variable,但readonly只能修饰field
2. C#中,const修饰的field或local variable必须在声明的时候初始化,readonly修饰的field可以在声明时初始化,也可以在构造函数中被初始化,如果readonly所修饰的field在两个地方都初始化了, 那么最后这个field的值是在构造函数中被设定的值,如下面程序示例中的n
3. 在Java中, 跟const非常接近的是final关键字, final所修饰的field和local variable也是只能在声明的同时进行初始化, 除此之外, final还可以修饰方法的形式参数, 表示这个形式参数的值在方法体内不可以被改变,否则会产生编译错误. 另外, final还可以修饰方法,表示该方法不可以被子类覆盖(override), 修饰类,表示该类不可以被继承,修饰类时,跟C#的sealed关键字意思一样
下面是一个C#的例子
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp
{
class ConstantTest
{
readonly int n = 5;
readonly int m;
const int q = 6;
{
class ConstantTest
{
readonly int n = 5;
readonly int m;
const int q = 6;
public ConstantTest()
{
n = 9;//reassign n to override 5 above
m = 7;
//q = 8; //error, can't modify const member wherever except on declaration
}
static void Main()
{
ConstantTest ct = new ConstantTest();
//ct.n = 12;//error, can't modify readonly member here
const int p = 3;//const can modify decorate local variables
//readonly int o=4; //error, readonly can't decorate local variables
Console.WriteLine("Value of n is {0}", ct.n);
}
}
}
{
n = 9;//reassign n to override 5 above
m = 7;
//q = 8; //error, can't modify const member wherever except on declaration
}
static void Main()
{
ConstantTest ct = new ConstantTest();
//ct.n = 12;//error, can't modify readonly member here
const int p = 3;//const can modify decorate local variables
//readonly int o=4; //error, readonly can't decorate local variables
Console.WriteLine("Value of n is {0}", ct.n);
}
}
}
运行这个程序的结果如下:
Value of n is 9;