SQL语句导入／导出数据集

SQL语句导入／导出数据集

一.在MSSQL2000中使用Transact-SQL语句处理DBF数据转换
1、查询dbf数据
SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource('vfpoledb','Data Source="d:vfptest.dbc"')...test1

SELECT a.* FROM OPENROWSET('MSDASQL', 'DRIVER={Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver};
Exclusive=No;Collate=Machine;Deleted=Yes;Null=No; SourceDB=d:vfptest.dbc;
SourceType=DBC;', 'SELECT * FROM test1') AS a Select * From Openrowset('MSDASQL',
'Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;SourceDB=d:vfp;SourceType=DBF',
'select * from test3')

2、将DBF数据导入mssql中
SELECT * into test1 FROM OpenDataSource('vfpoledb','Data Source="d:vfptest.dbc"')...test1

3、将SQL数据导入dbf中
insert into OPENROWSET('MSDASQL', 'DRIVER=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver}; Exclusive=No;
Collate=Machine;Deleted=Yes;Null=No; SourceDB=d:vfptest.dbc;SourceType=DBC;',
'SELECT * FROM test1')
select * from Test1

4、修改数据
Update openrowset('MSDASQL','Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;SourceDB=d:vfp;SourceType=DBF',
'select * from test3 where code="11"') set name = '"12"'

二.导入/导出dBase

/*=================================================*/
--如果接受数据导入的表已经存在
insert into 表 select * from
openrowset('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'dBase 5.0;DATABASE=c:','select * from [test.dbf]')

--如果导入数据并生成表
select * into 表 from
openrowset('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'dBase 5.0;DATABASE=c:','select * from [test.dbf]')


/*===============================================*/
--如果从SQL数据库中,导出数据到dBase,如果dBase文件已经存在,就可以简单的用:
insert into
openrowset('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'dBase 5.0;DATABASE=c:','select * from [test.dbf]')
select * from 表


/*--说明:
DATABASE=c: c:是dbf文件的存放目录
'select * from [test.dbf] test.dbf是指dbf文件名
--*/

--如果dBase文件不存在,就需要用到下面的存储过程了.


/*--数据导出dBase
导出表中的数据到dBase,如果文件不存在,将自动创建文件
基于通用性考虑,仅支持导出标准数据类型
--*/

/*--调用示例

--导出dBase
p_exporttb @tbname='地区资料',@path='c:',@over=0
--*/
if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[p_exporttb]')
and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsProcedure') = 1)
drop procedure [dbo].[p_exporttb]
GO

create proc p_exporttb
@tbname sysname, --要导出的表名
@path nvarchar(1000), --文件存放目录
@fname nvarchar(250)='', --文件名,默认为表名
@over bit=0 --是否覆盖已经存在的文件,如果不覆盖,则直接追加
as
declare @err int,@src nvarchar(255),@desc nvarchar(255),@out int
declare @obj int,@constr nvarchar(1000),@sql varchar(8000),@fdlist varchar(8000)

--参数检测
if isnull(@fname,'')='' set @fname=@tbname+'.dbf'

--检查文件是否已经存在
if right(@path,1)<>'' set @path=@path+''
create table #tb(a bit,b bit,c bit)
set @sql=@path+@fname
insert into #tb exec master..xp_fileexist @sql
if exists(select 1 from #tb where a=1)
if @over=1
begin
set @sql='del '+@sql
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql,no_output
end
else
set @over=0
else
set @over=1

--数据库创建语句
set @sql=@path+@fname
set @constr='Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Extended Properties="dBASE 5.0;'
+';HDR=NO;DATABASE='+@path+'"'

--连接数据库
exec @err=sp_oacreate 'adodb.connection',@obj out
if @err<>0 goto lberr

exec @err=sp_oamethod @obj,'open',null,@constr
if @err<>0 goto lberr

--创建表的SQL
select @sql='',@fdlist=''
select @fdlist=@fdlist+','+a.name
,@sql=@sql+',['+a.name+'] '
+case when b.name in('char','nchar','varchar','nvarchar') then
'text('+cast(case when a.length>250 then 250 else a.length end as varchar)+')'
when b.name in('tynyint','int','bigint','tinyint') then 'int'
when b.name in('smalldatetime','datetime') then 'datetime'
when b.name in('money','smallmoney') then 'money'
else b.name end
FROM syscolumns a left join systypes b on a.xtype=b.xusertype
where b.name not in('image','text','uniqueidentifier','sql_variant','ntext','varbinary','binary','timestamp')
and object_id(@tbname)=id
select @sql='create table ['+@fname
+']('+substring(@sql,2,8000)+')'
,@fdlist=substring(@fdlist,2,8000)

if @over=1
begin
exec @err=sp_oamethod @obj,'execute',@out out,@sql
if @err<>0 goto lberr
end

exec @err=sp_oadestroy @obj

set @sql='openrowset(''MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'',''dBase 5.0;DATABASE='
+@path+''',''select * from ['+@fname+']'')'

--导入数据
exec('insert into '+@sql+'('+@fdlist+') select '+@fdlist+' from '+@tbname)
return

lberr:
exec sp_oageterrorinfo 0,@src out,@desc out
lbexit:
select cast(@err as varbinary(4)) as 错误号
,@src as 错误源,@desc as 错误描述
select @sql,@constr,@fdlist
go





/*--数据导出dBase

导出查询语句中的数据到dBase,如果文件不存在,将自动创建文件
基于通用性考虑,仅支持导出标准数据类型
--*/

/*--调用示例

--导出dBase
p_exporttb @sqlstr='select * from 地区资料',@path='c:',@over=1
--*/

if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[p_exporttb]') and
OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsProcedure') = 1)
drop procedure [dbo].[p_exporttb]
GO

create proc p_exporttb
@sqlstr varchar(8000), --要导出的查询名
@path nvarchar(1000), --文件存放目录
@fname nvarchar(250)='temp.dbf',--文件名,默认为temp
@over bit=0 --是否覆盖已经存在的文件,如果不覆盖,则直接追加
as
declare @err int,@src nvarchar(255),@desc nvarchar(255),@out int
declare @obj int,@constr nvarchar(1000),@sql varchar(8000),@fdlist varchar(8000)

--参数检测
if isnull(@fname,'')='' set @fname='temp.dbf'

--检查文件是否已经存在
if right(@path,1)<>'' set @path=@path+''
create table #tb(a bit,b bit,c bit)
set @sql=@path+@fname
insert into #tb exec master..xp_fileexist @sql
if exists(select 1 from #tb where a=1)
if @over=1
begin
set @sql='del '+@sql
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql,no_output
end
else
set @over=0
else
set @over=1

--数据库创建语句
set @sql=@path+@fname
set @constr='Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Extended Properties="dBASE 5.0;'
+';HDR=NO;DATABASE='+@path+'"'

--创建表的SQL
declare @tbname sysname
set @tbname='##tmp_'+convert(varchar(38),newid())
set @sql='select * into ['+@tbname+'] from('+@sqlstr+') a'
exec(@sql)

--连接数据库
exec @err=sp_oacreate 'adodb.connection',@obj out
if @err<>0 goto lberr

exec @err=sp_oamethod @obj,'open',null,@constr
if @err<>0 goto lberr

--创建表的SQL
select @sql='',@fdlist=''
select @fdlist=@fdlist+','+a.name
,@sql=@sql+',['+a.name+'] '
+case when b.name in('char','nchar','varchar','nvarchar') then
'text('+cast(case when a.length>250 then 250 else a.length end as varchar)+')'
when b.name in('tynyint','int','bigint','tinyint') then 'int'
when b.name in('smalldatetime','datetime') then 'datetime'
when b.name in('money','smallmoney') then 'money'
else b.name end
FROM tempdb..syscolumns a left join tempdb..systypes b on a.xtype=b.xusertype
where b.name not in('image','text','uniqueidentifier','sql_variant','ntext','varbinary','binary','timestamp')
and a.id=(select id from tempdb..sysobjects where name=@tbname)
select @sql='create table ['+@fname
+']('+substring(@sql,2,8000)+')'
,@fdlist=substring(@fdlist,2,8000)

if @over=1
begin
exec @err=sp_oamethod @obj,'execute',@out out,@sql
if @err<>0 goto lberr
end

exec @err=sp_oadestroy @obj

set @sql='openrowset(''MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'',''dBase 5.0;DATABASE='
+@path+''',''select * from ['+@fname+']'')'

--导入数据
exec('insert into '+@sql+'('+@fdlist+') select '+@fdlist+' from ['+@tbname+']')

set @sql='drop table ['+@tbname+']'
exec(@sql)

return

lberr:
exec sp_oageterrorinfo 0,@src out,@desc out
lbexit:
select cast(@err as varbinary(4)) as 错误号
,@src as 错误源,@desc as 错误描述
select @sql,@constr,@fdlist
go

三.ＳＱＬ语句导入／导出大全


/******* 导出到excel
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp SettleDB.dbo.shanghu out c:temp1.xls -c -q
-S"GNETDATA/GNETDATA" -U"sa" -P""'
/*********** 导入Excel
SELECT *
FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source="c:test.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')...xactions

/*动态文件名
declare @fn varchar(20),@s varchar(1000)
set @fn = 'c:test.xls'
set @s ='''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'',
''Data Source="'+@fn+'";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0'''
set @s = 'SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource ('+@s+')...sheet1$'
exec(@s)
*/

SELECT cast(cast(科目编号 as numeric(10,2)) as nvarchar(255))+'　' 转换后的别名
FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source="c:test.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')...xactions

/********************** EXCEL导到远程SQL
insert OPENDATASOURCE(
'SQLOLEDB',
'Data Source=远程ip;User ID=sa;Password=密码'
).库名.dbo.表名 (列名1,列名2)
SELECT 列名1,列名2
FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source="c:test.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')...xactions


/** 导入文本文件
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp dbname..tablename in cT.txt -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'

/** 导出文本文件
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp dbname..tablename out cT.txt -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'
或
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp "Select * from dbname..tablename" queryout cT.txt -c
-Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'

导出到TXT文本，用逗号分开
exec master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp "库名..表名" out "d:tt.txt" -c -t ,-U sa -P password'


BULK INSERT 库名..表名
FROM 'c:test.txt'
WITH (
FIELDTERMINATOR = ';',
ROWTERMINATOR = 'n'
)


--/* dBase IV文件
select * from
OPENROWSET('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'dBase IV;HDR=NO;IMEX=2;DATABASE=C:','select * from [客户资料4.dbf]')
--*/

--/* dBase III文件
select * from
OPENROWSET('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'dBase III;HDR=NO;IMEX=2;DATABASE=C:','select * from [客户资料3.dbf]')
--*/

--/* FoxPro 数据库
select * from openrowset('MSDASQL',
'Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;SourceType=DBF;SourceDB=c:',
'select * from [aa.DBF]')
--*/

/**************导入DBF文件****************/
select * from openrowset('MSDASQL',
'Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;
SourceDB=e:VFP98data;
SourceType=DBF',
'select * from customer where country != "USA" order by country')
go
/***************** 导出到DBF ***************/
如果要导出数据到已经生成结构(即现存的)FOXPRO表中,可以直接用下面的SQL语句

insert into openrowset('MSDASQL',
'Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;SourceType=DBF;SourceDB=c:',
'select * from [aa.DBF]')
select * from 表

说明:
SourceDB=c: 指定foxpro表所在的文件夹
aa.DBF 指定foxpro表的文件名.




/*************导出到Access********************/
insert into openrowset('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'x:A.mdb';'admin';'',A表) select * from 数据库名..B表

/*************导入Access********************/
insert into B表 selet * from openrowset('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'x:A.mdb';'admin';'',A表)

文件名为参数
declare @fname varchar(20)
set @fname = 'd:test.mdb'
exec('SELECT a.* FROM opendatasource(''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'',
'''+@fname+''';''admin'';'''', topics) as a ')

SELECT *
FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source="f:northwind.mdb";Jet OLEDBatabase Password=123;User ID=Admin;Password=;')...产品

********************* 导入 xml　文件

DECLARE @idoc int
DECLARE @doc varchar(1000)
--sample XML document
SET @doc ='



Customer was very satisfied



white red" />
Important
Happy Customer.




'
-- Create an internal representation of the XML document.
EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @idoc OUTPUT, @doc

-- Execute a SELECT statement using OPENXML rowset provider.
SELECT *
FROM OPENXML (@idoc, '/root/Customer/Order', 1)
WITH (oid char(5),
amount float,
comment ntext 'text()')
EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @idoc



???????

/**********************Excel导到Txt****************************************/
想用
select * into opendatasource(...) from opendatasource(...)
实现将一个Excel文件内容导入到一个文本文件

假设Excel中有两列，第一列为姓名，第二列为很行帐号(16位)
且银行帐号导出到文本文件后分两部分，前8位和后8位分开。


邹健：
如果要用你上面的语句插入的话,文本文件必须存在,而且有一行:姓名,银行账号1,银行账号2
然后就可以用下面的语句进行插入
注意文件名和目录根据你的实际情况进行修改.

insert into
opendatasource('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'Text;HDR=Yes;DATABASE=C:'
)...[aa#txt]
--,aa#txt)
--*/
select 姓名,银行账号1=left(银行账号,8),银行账号2=right(银行账号,8)
from
opendatasource('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'Excel 5.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=2;DATABASE=c:a.xls'
--,Sheet1$)
)...[Sheet1$]



如果你想直接插入并生成文本文件,就要用bcp

declare @sql varchar(8000),@tbname varchar(50)

--首先将excel表内容导入到一个全局临时表
select @tbname='[##temp'+cast(newid() as varchar(40))+']'
,@sql='select 姓名,银行账号1=left(银行账号,8),银行账号2=right(银行账号,8)
into '+@tbname+' from
opendatasource(''MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0''
,''Excel 5.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=2;DATABASE=c:a.xls''
)...[Sheet1$]'
exec(@sql)

--然后用bcp从全局临时表导出到文本文件
set @sql='bcp "'+@tbname+'" out "c:aa.txt" /S"(local)" /P"" /c'
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql

--删除临时表
exec('drop table '+@tbname)


/********************导整个数据库************************/

用bcp实现的存储过程


/*
实现数据导入/导出的存储过程
根据不同的参数,可以实现导入/导出整个数据库/单个表
调用示例:
--导出调用示例
----导出单个表
exec file2table 'zj','','','xzkh_sa..地区资料','c:zj.txt',1
----导出整个数据库
exec file2table 'zj','','','xzkh_sa','C:docman',1

--导入调用示例
----导入单个表
exec file2table 'zj','','','xzkh_sa..地区资料','c:zj.txt',0
----导入整个数据库
exec file2table 'zj','','','xzkh_sa','C:docman',0

*/
if exists(select 1 from sysobjects where name='File2Table' and objectproperty(id,'IsProcedure')=1)
drop procedure File2Table
go
create procedure File2Table
@servername varchar(200) --服务器名
,@username varchar(200) --用户名,如果用NT验证方式,则为空''
,@password varchar(200) --密码
,@tbname varchar(500) --数据库.dbo.表名,如果不指定:.dbo.表名,则导出数据库的所有用户表
,@filename varchar(1000) --导入/导出路径/文件名,如果@tbname参数指明是导出整个数据库,
--则这个参数是文件存放路径,文件名自动用表名.txt
,@isout bit --1为导出,0为导入
as
declare @sql varchar(8000)

if @tbname like '%.%.%' --如果指定了表名,则直接导出单个表
begin
set @sql='bcp '+@tbname
+case when @isout=1 then ' out ' else ' in ' end
+' "'+@filename+'" /w'
+' /S '+@servername
+case when isnull(@username,'')='' then '' else ' /U '+@username end
+' /P '+isnull(@password,'')
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
end
else
begin --导出整个数据库,定义游标,取出所有的用户表
declare @m_tbname varchar(250)
if right(@filename,1)<>'' set @filename=@filename+''

set @m_tbname='declare #tb cursor for select name from
'+@tbname+'..sysobjects where xtype=''U'''
exec(@m_tbname)
open #tb
fetch next from #tb into @m_tbname
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
set @sql='bcp '+@tbname+'..'+@m_tbname
+case when @isout=1 then ' out ' else ' in ' end
+' "'+@filename+@m_tbname+'.txt " /w'
+' /S '+@servername
+case when isnull(@username,'')='' then '' else ' /U '+@username end
+' /P '+isnull(@password,'')
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
fetch next from #tb into @m_tbname
end
close #tb
deallocate #tb
end
go


/************* Oracle **************/
EXEC sp_addlinkedserver 'OracleSvr',
'Oracle 7.3',
'MSDAORA',
'ORCLDB'
GO

delete from openquery(mailser,'select * from yulin')

select * from openquery(mailser,'select * from yulin')

update openquery(mailser,'select * from yulin where id=15')set disorder=555,catago=888

insert into openquery(mailser,'select disorder,catago from yulin')values(333,777)



补充：

对于用bcp导出,是没有字段名的.

用openrowset导出,需要事先建好表.

用openrowset导入,除ACCESS及EXCEL外,均不支持非本机数据导入