PNP: non-blocking IO

When short write happens in non-blocking IO

• Save remaining data in some buffer
  
  • Never call write() when buffer is not empty, it reorders data
  • Alternatively, always send from buffer
• Start watching POLLOUT event
  
  • Meanwhile, any write() should append the buffer instead
• When POLLOUT is ready, write from buffer
  
  • consume buffer
• If buffer becomes empty, stop watching POLLOUT event
  
  • Otherwise, it end up with a busy loop

使用非阻塞IO进行写数据时，没有写完要放到一个发送缓冲区中，并注册POLLOUT事件，当事件发生时，将发送缓冲区中的数据发送出去。当发送缓冲区为空时，关闭POLLOUT事件。

What if sink is slow

发送方和接收方速度不匹配时该怎么办？
比如一个proxy服务器。

• The common pitfall in non-blocking IO
  
  • Avoid memory exhaustion or dropping messages

高水位回调和低水位回调，当接收缓冲区达到高水位时，停止接收。当接收缓冲区中的数据量慢慢减少到低水位时，在开始接收。

Level-trigger and edge trigger

• select and poll are level-trigger
• epoll stands for edge-poll, works in both LT and ET mode
• No up-to-date benchmarks show which is faster
• Edge trigger works best for writing and accepting
• Level trigger works best for reading data
• Current linux kernel doesn’t support mix LT/ET for on socket
  
  • muduo uses level trigger

IO-multiplexing in a multithreaded program

one loop per thread