CentOS7快速搭建LNMP环境(yum)

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-09 11:27:16 发布

chongluo0179

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-09 11:27:16 发布

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文章标签：运维数据库 php

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/2364788/blog/3096484

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LNMP：Linux+Nginx+MySql+PHP

Nginx的正确读法应该是Engine X
我们使用CentOS自带的YUM来安装

镜像源切换

先把YUM源切换成国内的镜像源
先备份一下原来的源镜像文件

# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

下载新的CentOS-Base.repo

#wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

如果没有安装wget的话可以使用#yum install wget安装完成之后，在执行CentOS-Base.repo的安装
对/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo源文件配置文件，改为不生效

enable=0

YUM缓存生成

#yum clean all
#yum makecache
#yum update

安装Nginx

YUM源中没有Nginx，我们需要增加一个nginx的源nginx.repo

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

源文件的内容

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

查看Nginx是否配置成功

#yum list nginx

已加载插件：fastestmirror
nginx                                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
nginx/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                       |  18 kB  00:00:04     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
可安装的软件包
nginx.x86_64                                  1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx                                  nginx

#yum list |grep nginx

nginx.x86_64                               1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-debug.x86_64                         1:1.8.0-1.el7.ngx           nginx    
nginx-debuginfo.x86_64                     1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-geoip.x86_64                  1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64        1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64           1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-njs.x86_64                    1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx
                                                                       nginx    
nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64          1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx
                                                                       nginx    
nginx-module-perl.x86_64                   1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64         1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-xslt.x86_64                   1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64         1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-nr-agent.noarch                      2.0.0-10.el7.ngx            nginx    
pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64                      3.10.6-2.el7                base

安装成功后，就可以直接安装nginx了

#yum -y install nginx

安装的就是Nginx官网的最新版本

指定安装的版本：

yum install nginx-1.12.2

#nginx #启动Nginx

nginx相关配置文件：

默认的配置文件在 /etc/nginx 路径下，使用该配置已经可以正确地运行nginx；

如需要自定义，修改其下的 nginx.conf 等文件即可；

可以使用curl命令查看是否安装成功

#curl 127.0.0.1

如果安装成功的话，就会看到输出一个HTML的一个反馈

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

开机启动设置

#systemctl enable nginx
#systemctl daemon-reload

安装MySql（5.7）

官网：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

#rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

查看5.7版本是否已经启用

#yum repolist all | grep mysql

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community         启用:    24
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sourc 禁用
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community              启用:    38
mysql-tools-community-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source     禁用
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64        MySQL Tools Preview                禁用
mysql-tools-preview-source        MySQL Tools Preview - Source       禁用
mysql55-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.5 Community Server         禁用
mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql56-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.6 Community Server         禁用
mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server         启用:   146
mysql57-community-source          MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server         禁用
mysql80-community-source          MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sourc 禁用

如果没有启用的话，我们可以修改源文件

#/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

把enabled改为1就可以了，其他的版本改为0

[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 5.5
[mysql55-community]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-preview]
name=MySQL Tools Preview
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

修改完成之后查看可用的版本

#yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  24
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                       38
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 146

如果看到5.7版本启用了之后就可以安装MySql了

#yum -y install mysql-community-server

安装完成之后，就可以启动mysql了

#service mysqld start

查看MySql的启动状态

#service mysqld status

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2017-05-23 22:51:48 CST; 3min 14s ago
  Process: 36884 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 36810 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 36887 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─36887 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

5月 23 22:51:45 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
5月 23 22:51:48 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
5月 23 22:52:24 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

开机启动设置

#systemctl enable mysqld
#systemctl daemon-reload

MySql安装完成之后会在LOG文件(/var/log/mysqld.log)中生成一个root的默认密码

#grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2017-05-23T14:51:45.705458Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: d&sqr7dcf7P_

登录MySql并修改root密码

#mysql -uroot -p
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new psd';

扩展阅读：mysql的密码策略

mysql>show variables like '%password%';

+---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                         | Value  |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime             | 0      |
| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
| old_passwords                         | 0      |
| report_password                       |        |
| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
| validate_password_length              | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count    | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count        | 1      |
| validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count  | 1      |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.01 sec)

默认的密码策略

validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略 
validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要 
validate_password_length：密码最少长度 
validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个 
validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个 
validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个

修改密码策略
在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置：

# 选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件
validate_password_policy=0

修改默认编码
在/etc/my.cnf配置文件的[mysqld]下添加编码配置：

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

重启mysql，是修改生效

#systemctl restart mysqld

远程登录用户添加

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO 'lmc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '1qazXsw@' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

查看用户

mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;

+-----------+-----------+
| host      | user      |
+-----------+-----------+
| %         | lmc       |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
| localhost | root      |
+-----------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

由于开始没有关闭SELinux，引起mysql连接失败的解决：
http://www.jianshu.com/p/ddd3ce15cb84

安装PHP7

安装 EPEL源

EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)是基于Fedora的一个项目，为“红帽系”的操作系统提供额外的软件包，适用于RHEL、CentOS和Scientific Linux。首先需要安装一个叫”epel-release”的软件包，这个软件包会自动配置yum的软件仓库。当然你也可以不安装这个包，自己配置软件仓库也是一样的。

rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

安装 WEBTATIC 源

对于服务器而言，最为常见的即是提供 web 服务，而对于 web 服务中常用的一些软件，在系统默认的源下，一般版本较低，如若需要使用相对较新的版本（如 PHP），WEBTATIC 源是一个很好的选择。

rpm -ivh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

查看yum软件仓库里面有没有 PHP

yum search php71w

安装php及扩展

    yum install php71w php71w-fpm \
    php71w-cli php71w-common php71w-devel php71w-gd \
    php71w-pdo php71w-mysql php71w-mbstring php71w-bcmath \
    php71w-pecl-redis php71w-ldap php71w-mcrypt

启动php

    systemctl start php-fpm #启动
    systemctl stop php-fpm #关闭
    systemctl restart php-fpm   #重启

php-fpm配置文件位置：（/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf）

修改

user =nginx

group=nginx

启动php-fpm配置nginx

修改配置文件之前记得备份

1.nginx配置文件位置：（/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf）

修改web root目录（如果没有需求也可以不用修改，使用默认即可）：

root /wwwdata/html;

location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /usr/share/nginx/html;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/2364788/blog/3096484