1. Core Container
核心容器由spring-core
, spring-beans
, spring-context
, spring-context-support
, 和 spring-expression
(Spring Expression Language) 模块组成。
spring-core
和 spring-beans
模块提供框架的基础部分, 包括控制反转(IoC)和依赖注入(DI). TheBeanFactory
is a sophisticated implementation of the factory pattern. It removes the need for programmatic singletons and allows you to decouple the configuration and specification of dependencies from your actual program logic.
上下文(spring-context
) 模块 builds on the solid base provided by the Core and Beans modules: it is a means to access objects in a framework-style manner that is similar to a JNDI registry. The Context module inherits its features from the Beans module and adds support for internationalization (using, for example, resource bundles), event propagation, resource loading, and the transparent creation of contexts by, for example, a Servlet container. The Context module also supports Java EE features such as EJB, JMX, and basic remoting. The ApplicationContext
interface is the focal point of the Context module. spring-context-support
provides support for integrating common third-party libraries into a Spring application context for caching (EhCache, Guava, JCache), mailing (JavaMail), scheduling (CommonJ, Quartz) and template engines (FreeMarker, JasperReports, Velocity).
The spring-expression
module provides a powerful Expression Language for querying and manipulating an object graph at runtime. It is an extension of the unified expression language (unified EL) as specified in the JSP 2.1 specification. The language supports setting and getting property values, property assignment, method invocation, accessing the content of arrays, collections and indexers, logical and arithmetic operators, named variables, and retrieval of objects by name from Spring’s IoC container. It also supports list projection and selection as well as common list aggregations.
2. AOP and Instrumentation
The spring-aop
module provides an AOP Alliance-compliant aspect-oriented programming implementation allowing you to define, for example, method interceptors and pointcuts to cleanly decouple code that implements functionality that should be separated. Using source-level metadata functionality, you can also incorporate behavioral information into your code, in a manner similar to that of .NET attributes.
The separate spring-aspects
module provides integration with AspectJ.
The spring-instrument
module provides class instrumentation support and classloader implementations to be used in certain application servers. The spring-instrument-tomcat
module contains Spring’s instrumentation agent for Tomcat.
3. Messaging
Spring Framework 4 includes a spring-messaging
module with key abstractions from the Spring Integration project such as Message
, MessageChannel
, MessageHandler
, and others to serve as a foundation for messaging-based applications. The module also includes a set of annotations for mapping messages to methods, similar to the Spring MVC annotation based programming model.
4. Data Access/Integration
The Data Access/Integration layer consists of the JDBC, ORM, OXM, JMS, and Transaction modules.
The spring-jdbc
module provides a JDBC-abstraction layer that removes the need to do tedious JDBC coding and parsing of database-vendor specific error codes.
The spring-tx
module supports programmatic and declarative transaction management for classes that implement special interfaces and for all your POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects).
The spring-orm
module provides integration layers for popular object-relational mapping APIs, including JPA, JDO, and Hibernate. Using the spring-orm
module you can use all of these O/R-mapping frameworks in combination with all of the other features Spring offers, such as the simple declarative transaction management feature mentioned previously.
The spring-oxm
module provides an abstraction layer that supports Object/XML mapping implementations such as JAXB, Castor, XMLBeans, JiBX and XStream.
The spring-jms
module (Java Messaging Service) contains features for producing and consuming messages. Since Spring Framework 4.1, it provides integration with the spring-messaging
module.
5. Web
The Web layer consists of the spring-web
, spring-webmvc
, spring-websocket
, and spring-webmvc-portlet
modules.
The spring-web
module provides basic web-oriented integration features such as multipart file upload functionality and the initialization of the IoC container using Servlet listeners and a web-oriented application context. It also contains an HTTP client and the web-related parts of Spring’s remoting support.
The spring-webmvc
module (also known as the Web-Servlet module) contains Spring’s model-view-controller (MVC) and REST Web Services implementation for web applications. Spring’s MVC framework provides a clean separation between domain model code and web forms and integrates with all of the other features of the Spring Framework.
spring-webmvc-portlet
模块 (Web-Portlet 模块) provides the MVC implementation to be used in a Portlet environment and mirrors the functionality of the Servlet-based spring-webmvc
module.
6. Test
spring-test
模块 支持单元测试和集成测试,使用 JUnit 或者 TestNG. 它提供了Spring 上下文的一致性加载和缓存,还提供了mock对象,可以隔离测试你的代码。
7. Spring Framework Artifacts
GroupId | ArtifactId | Description |
---|---|---|
org.springframework | spring-aop | Proxy-based AOP support |
org.springframework | spring-aspects | AspectJ based aspects |
org.springframework | spring-beans | Beans support, including Groovy |
org.springframework | spring-context | Application context runtime, including scheduling and remoting abstractions |
org.springframework | spring-context-support | Support classes for integrating common third-party libraries into a Spring application context |
org.springframework | spring-core | Core utilities, used by many other Spring modules |
org.springframework | spring-expression | Spring Expression Language (SpEL) |
org.springframework | spring-instrument | Instrumentation agent for JVM bootstrapping |
org.springframework | spring-instrument-tomcat | Instrumentation agent for Tomcat |
org.springframework | spring-jdbc | JDBC support package, including DataSource setup and JDBC access support |
org.springframework | spring-jms | JMS support package, including helper classes to send/receive JMS messages |
org.springframework | spring-messaging | Support for messaging architectures and protocols |
org.springframework | spring-orm | Object/Relational Mapping, including JPA and Hibernate support |
org.springframework | spring-oxm | Object/XML Mapping |
org.springframework | spring-test | Support for unit testing and integration testing Spring components |
org.springframework | spring-tx | Transaction infrastructure, including DAO support and JCA integration |
org.springframework | spring-web | Foundational web support, including web client and web-based remoting |
org.springframework | spring-webmvc | HTTP-based Model-View-Controller and REST endpoints for Servlet stacks |
org.springframework | spring-webmvc-portlet | MVC implementation to be used in a Portlet environment |
org.springframework | spring-websocket | WebSocket and SockJS infrastructure, including STOMP messaging support |
8. Maven依赖关系
spring-core
spring-core-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
spring-beans
spring-core-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-context
spring-core-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-aop-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-aop
spring-core-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-aop-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-web
spring-core-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-aop-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-web-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-webmvc
spring-core-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-aop-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-web-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
spring-webmvc-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar