glibc中系统调用的汇编封装

在 glibc 中有三种方式封装系统调用，包括汇编封装、通过宏进行封装、定制封装。
对于汇编封装的系统调用，需要在 syscalls.list 文件中进行配置，例如：sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/syscalls.list 文件中配置了几个与 socket 相关的系统调用，其内容如下：

# File name	Caller	Syscall name	# args	Strong name	Weak names

arch_prctl	EXTRA	arch_prctl	i:ii	__arch_prctl	arch_prctl
modify_ldt	EXTRA	modify_ldt	i:ipi	__modify_ldt	modify_ldt
syscall_clock_gettime	EXTRA	clock_gettime	Ei:ip		__syscall_clock_gettime


# proper socket implementations:
bind		-	bind		i:ipi	__bind		bind
getpeername	-	getpeername	i:ipp	__getpeername	getpeername
getsockname	-	getsockname	i:ipp	__getsockname	getsockname
getsockopt	-	getsockopt	i:iiiBN	__getsockopt	getsockopt
listen		-	listen		i:ii	__listen	listen
setsockopt	-	setsockopt	i:iiibn	__setsockopt	setsockopt
shutdown	-	shutdown	i:ii	__shutdown	shutdown
socket		-	socket		i:iii	__socket	socket
socketpair	-	socketpair	i:iiif	__socketpair	socketpair

由 sysdeps/unix/Makefile 中的处理流程可知，syscalls.list 会被 sysdep/unix/make-syscalls.sh 脚本处理：

ifndef avoid-generated
$(common-objpfx)sysd-syscalls: $(..)sysdeps/unix/make-syscalls.sh \
                               $(wildcard $(+sysdep_dirs:%=%/syscalls.list)) \
                               $(common-objpfx)libc-modules.stmp
        for dir in $(+sysdep_dirs); do \
          test -f $$dir/syscalls.list && \
          { sysdirs='$(sysdirs)' \
            asm_CPP='$(COMPILE.S) -E -x assembler-with-cpp' \
            $(SHELL) $(dir $<)$(notdir $<) $$dir || exit 1; }; \
          test $$dir = $(..)sysdeps/unix && break; \
        done > $@T
        mv -f $@T $@
endif

sysdep/unix/make-syscalls.sh 脚本会为 syscalls.list 文件中的每个系统调用生成一条编译规则，并将其存放在 build-tree/x86_64-libc/sysd-syscalls 文件中。下面是 socket 系统调用在编译过程中执行的编译命令：

(echo '#define SYSCALL_NAME socket'; \
echo '#define SYSCALL_NARGS 3'; \
echo '#define SYSCALL_SYMBOL __socket'; \
echo '#define SYSCALL_CANCELLABLE 0'; \
echo '#define SYSCALL_NOERRNO 0'; \
echo '#define SYSCALL_ERRVAL 0'; \
echo '#include <syscall-template.S>'; \
echo 'weak_alias (__socket, socket)'; \
echo 'hidden_weak (socket)'; \
) | /opt/cross/x86_64-linux-gnu/bin/x86_64-glibc-linux-gnu-gcc -c -I../include -I/home/azanella/Projects/glibc/build/x86_64-linux-gnu/socket -I/home/azanella/Projects/glibc/build/x86_64-linux-gnu -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/64 -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64 -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86 -I../sysdeps/x86/nptl -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/wordsize-64 -I../sysdeps/x86_64/nptl -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/include -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux -I../sysdeps/nptl -I../sysdeps/pthread -I../sysdeps/gnu -I../sysdeps/unix/inet -I../sysdeps/unix/sysv -I../sysdeps/unix/x86_64 -I../sysdeps/unix -I../sysdeps/posix -I../sysdeps/x86_64/64 -I../sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/multiarch -I../sysdeps/x86_64/fpu -I../sysdeps/x86/fpu/include -I../sysdeps/x86/fpu -I../sysdeps/x86_64/multiarch -I../sysdeps/x86_64 -I../sysdeps/x86 -I../sysdeps/ieee754/float128 -I../sysdeps/ieee754/ldbl-96/include -I../sysdeps/ieee754/ldbl-96 -I../sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/wordsize-64 -I../sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64 -I../sysdeps/ieee754/flt-32 -I../sysdeps/wordsize-64 -I../sysdeps/ieee754 -I../sysdeps/generic -I.. -I../libio -I. -D_LIBC_REENTRANT -include /home/azanella/Projects/glibc/build/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-modules.h -DMODULE_NAME=libc -include ../include/libc-symbols.h -DPIC -DSHARED -DTOP_NAMESPACE=glibc -DASSEMBLER -g -Werror=undef -Wa,--noexecstack -o /home/azanella/Projects/glibc/build/x86_64-linux-gnu/socket/socket.os -x assembler-with-cpp - -MD -MP -MF /home/azanella/Projects/glibc/build/x86_64-linux-gnu/socket/socket.os.dt -MT /home/azanella/Projects/glibc/build/x86_64-linux-gnu/socket/socket.os