现在网站开发和软件开发，数据库的支持是少不了的；在iPhone开发中，作为数据持久化的解决方案中，SQLite是不错的选择，它既轻量占用资源少，又可以方便嵌入到程序中，在一些嵌入式设备中有着广泛使用。
SQLite提供了命令行工具sqlite3，创建创建库。
cjdx@~/Desktop$ sqlite3 school.sqlite3 SQLite version 3.6.12 Enter ".help" for instructions Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";" sqlite>
创建student表
sqlite> create table student (key integer primary key, name text, age integer, birth date);插入三条数据
sqlite> insert into student (name, age, birth) values ('zhangsan', 18, '1980-01-09');
sqlite> insert into student (name, age, birth) values ('lisi', 20, '1980-10-05');
sqlite> insert into student (name, age, birth) values ('wangwu', 28, '1985-12-20');查询刚刚插入的数据
sqlite> select * from student;1|zhangsan|18|1980-01-092|lisi|20|1980-10-053|wangwu|28|1985-12-20SQLite函数知识准备
sqlite3_open 打开数据库 sqlite3_close 关闭数据库 sqlite3_prepare 预编译SQL语句 sqlite3_step 执行预编译后的SQL sqlite3_finalize 释放资源
打开Xcode，创建iPhone项目，基于“Single View Application”，并命名为TestSQLite，把刚才创建的school.sqlite3添加项目“Supporting Files”目录。
先写些测试代码，看看sqlite能不能正常工作，在ViewController.m中添加如下代码：
// ViewController.m #import "ViewController.h" #import "/usr/include/sqlite3.h" @implementation ViewController
...
#pragma mark - View lifecycle - (void)viewDidLoad{ [super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. sqlite3 *db;
char *szError = NULL;
sqlite3_stmt *dbps;
NSString *dbFile = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"school" ofType:@"sqlite3"];
if (sqlite3_open([dbFile UTF8String], &db) != SQLITE_OK) { NSLog(@"failed to open db.");
}
NSString *sql_insert = @"insert into student (name, age, birth) values ('testdata', 16, '1987-09-18')";
if (sqlite3_exec(db, [sql_insert UTF8String], 0, 0, &szError) == SQLITE_OK) { NSLog(@"%d", sqlite3_changes(db));
}
NSString *sql_select = @"SELECT * FROM student";
sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, [sql_select UTF8String], -1, &dbps, NULL);
int nResult = sqlite3_step(dbps);
for (int fld = 0; fld < sqlite3_column_count(dbps); fld++) { NSLog(@"%s", sqlite3_column_name(dbps, fld));
}
while (nResult != SQLITE_DONE) { NSLog(@"%s|%s|%s|%s",
sqlite3_column_text(dbps, 0),
sqlite3_column_text(dbps, 1),
sqlite3_column_text(dbps, 2),
sqlite3_column_text(dbps, 3));
nResult = sqlite3_step(dbps);
}
sqlite3_close(db);} ...@end 把sqlite3连接库添加到项目
输出结果：
2012-02-06 18:59:33.372 TestSQLite[4011:207] 1 2012-02-06 18:59:33.375 TestSQLite[4011:207] key 2012-02-06 18:59:33.377 TestSQLite[4011:207] name 2012-02-06 18:59:33.379 TestSQLite[4011:207] age 2012-02-06 18:59:33.380 TestSQLite[4011:207] birth 2012-02-06 18:59:33.384 TestSQLite[4011:207] 1|zhangsan|18|1980-01-09 2012-02-06 18:59:33.386 TestSQLite[4011:207] 2|lisi|20|1980-10-05 2012-02-06 18:59:33.387 TestSQLite[4011:207] 3|wangwu|28|1985-12-20 2012-02-06 18:59:33.405 TestSQLite[4011:207] 4|testdata|16|1987-09-18
在Objc中直接用SQLite的C API写，如果每个查询都这样，太繁琐了，而且也不OO，所以还是要封装一下的，这样就可以把先前学过的知识串起来，写个小程序，用TableView来显示数据，支持数据的输入、删除。
- ♥ 1.创建Student模型类
- ♥ 2.创建StudentDB类
- ♥ 3.创建TableViewController用来显示数据
- ♥ 4.创建添加数据界面和代码的实现
- ♥ 5.删除代码的实现
接下来就按照这个步骤，一步步实现这些功能。
创建Student模型类
// Student.h #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface Student : NSObject { int uniqueId;
NSString *name;
int age;
NSDate *birth;} @property (nonatomic, assign) int uniqueId;@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *name;@property (nonatomic, assign) int age;@property (nonatomic, retain) NSDate *birth;
- (id)initWithUniqueId:(int)uniqueId name:(NSString *)name age:(int)age birth:(NSDate *)birth;
@end // Student.m #import "Student.h" @implementation Student
@synthesize uniqueId, name, age, birth;
- (id)initWithUniqueId:(int)uniqueId name:(NSString *)name age:(int)age birth:(NSDate *)birth{ self = [super init];
if (self) { self.uniqueId = uniqueId;
self.name = name;
self.age = age;
self.birth = birth;
}
return self;} - (void)dealloc{ name = nil;
birth = nil;
[super dealloc];} @end 创建StudentDB类
StudentDB类是sqlite的简单封装，获取的数据被包装到Student类中，有点ORM的感觉，代码长的就不贴代码，只贴一些关键代码。
// StudentDB.m #import "StudentDB.h" #import "Student.h" @implementation StudentDB
@synthesize db;
- (id)init{ self = [super init];
if (self) { NSString *dbFile = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"school" ofType:@"sqlite3"];
if (sqlite3_open([dbFile UTF8String], &db) != SQLITE_OK) { NSLog(@"failed to open db.");
} }
return self;} -(int)getStudentsCount{ ...} - (NSMutableArray *)getAllStudent{ sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
NSMutableArray *studentArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSString *sql = @"SELECT * FROM student;";
sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, [sql UTF8String], -1, &pStmt, nil);
while (SQLITE_ROW == sqlite3_step(pStmt)) { int uniqueId = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
NSString *name = [[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String:(const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1)];
int age = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 2);
NSDateFormatter *formate = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[formate setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd"];
NSDate *birth= [formate dateFromString:[[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String:(const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 3)]];
Student *student = [[Student alloc] initWithUniqueId:uniqueId name:name age:age birth:birth];
[studentArray addObject:student];
[formate release];
[name release];
[student release];
}
sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
return studentArray;} - (void)removeStudent:(Student *)person{ ...} - (void)addStudent:(Student *)person{ ...} - (void)dealloc{ sqlite3_close(db);
[super dealloc];} @end 创建TableViewController用来显示数据
通过StudentDB类的getAllStudent方法获取所有学生的数组作为数据源
// StudentListViewController.h #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @class StudentDB;
@interface StudentListViewController : UITableViewController{ StudentDB *db;
NSMutableArray *students;} @end #import "StudentListViewController.h" #import "StudentDB.h" #import "Student.h" #import "AddStudentViewController.h"
@implementation StudentListViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad{ // 初始化db db = [[StudentDB alloc] init];
[super viewDidLoad];} - (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated{ // 获取所有学生数据保存到students数组中 students = [db getAllStudent];
[self.tableView reloadData];
[super viewWillAppear:animated];} - (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView{ return 1;} - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section{ // 返回行数 return students.count;} - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{ static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell";
UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
if (cell == nil) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease];
}
// Configure the cell... Student *student = [students objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
cell.textLabel.text = student.name;
NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd"];
NSString *strBirth = [dateFormatter stringFromDate:student.birth];
NSString *strDescription = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"年龄:%d 生日:%s", student.age,
[strBirth UTF8String]];
[cell.detailTextLabel setText:strDescription];
[dateFormatter release];
[strDescription release];
return cell;} - (void)dealloc{ [students release];
[db release];
[super dealloc];} @end
创建添加数据界面和代码的实现
通过点击导航右边的的“+”号按钮来显示，录入学生资料界面，界面通过纯代码创建，点击导航栏右边的”Done”来完成录入数据工作，然后返回学生列表界面执行reloadData操作，这样新录入的数据就能显示出来了
// AddStudentViewController.m // 执行添加数据到数据库中的操作，没有验证性操作 - (void)doneButtonPushed:(id)sender{ StudentDB *db = [[StudentDB alloc] init];
NSString *strName = txtName.text;
int age = [txtAge.text intValue];
NSString *strBirth = txtBirth.text;
NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd"];
Student *student = [[Student alloc] initWithUniqueId:0 name:strName age:age birth:[dateFormatter dateFromString:strBirth]];
[db addStudent:student];
[student release];
[db release];
[dateFormatter release];
[self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];}
删除代码的实现
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{ if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete) { // Delete the row from the data source Student *student = [students objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
//删除数据库中的数据 [db removeStudent:student];
//删除数组中的数据 [students removeObjectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
//删除TableView中的数据 [tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
}
else if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleInsert) { // Create a new instance of the appropriate class, insert it into the array, and add a new row to the table view } }完整代码
附：注意事项--
1，将school.sqlite3添加进项目后，可能会读取失败，这时手动将其添加进Bundle Resources中即可。具体位置：项目TARGETS->Build Phases->copy Bundle Resources。
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