3Sum

Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Note:

Elements in a triplet (a,b,c) must be in non-descending order. (ie, a ≤ b ≤ c)
The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.
For example, given array S = {-1 0 1 2 -1 -4},
A solution set is:
(-1, 0, 1)

(-1, -1, 2)

描述：在一个数组中找到3个数的和为0的所有集合。

解决思路：将数组sort后可以是的所有的元素为升序的。而后对于每一个元素nums[i]，在其后的元素中求连个元素的和为-nums[i]。

（1）对于一个nums[i],可能有多个和为-nums[i]的组合。每次遍历的开始pointer为i+1，结束pointer为nums.size()-1.

（2）对于一个数nums[i],如果i>0&&nums[i]==nums[i-1],则和等于-nums[i]的情况已经处理，直接跳过。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& nums) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        sort(nums.begin(),nums.end());
        int target,left,right;
        for(int i=0;i<nums.size();i++)
        {
            if(i>0&&nums[i] == nums[i-1])
                continue;
            target = -nums[i];
            left = i+1;
            right = nums.size()-1;
            while(left < right)
            {
                int sum=nums[left]+nums[right];
                if(sum==target)
                {
                    vector<int>tmp;
                    tmp.push_back(nums[i]);
                    tmp.push_back(nums[left]);
                    tmp.push_back(nums[right]);
                    res.push_back(tmp);
                    
                     while(++left<right&&nums[left]==nums[left-1]);//去掉重复的部分情况

                     while(left<--right&&nums[right]==nums[right+1]);
                }
                else if(sum<target)
                {
                    left++;
                }
                else
                {
                    right--;
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
        
        
    }
};