python中 自定义向量 计算向量乘积, 平行四边形面积,三角形面积

# coding=utf-8
from math import sqrt, acos, pi


class Vector(object):
    """docstring for Vector"""
    """根据坐标轴列表输入 创建向量, 并创建该向量所处的空间维度"""
    CANNOT_NORMALIZE_ZERO_VECTOR_MSG = 'Cannot normalize the zero vector'
    NO_UNIQUE_ORTHOGONAL_COMPONENT_MSG = "No_unique_orthogonal_component_msg"
    def __init__(self, coordinates):
        super(Vector, self).__init__()
        try:
            if not coordinates:
                raise ValueError
            self.coordinates = tuple(coordinates)
            self.dimension = len(coordinates)    
        except ValueError:
            raise ValueError('The coordinates must be nonempty')
        except TypeError:
            raise TypeError('The coordinates must be an iterable')



    def __str__(self):
        return 'Vector: {}'.format(self.coordinates)


    # 计算向量长度
    def magnitude(self):