Derby使用的基本说明

关于Derby使用的基本说明

1.特点优势

0. Java based， Free software, Open source， Apache license version 2.0
1. 全功能RDBMS
2. 可嵌入式运行，占用资源少
3. 轻量级的持久化文件，平台无关

2.概念与实践

2.1 嵌入式与多用户访问

这里所谓的“嵌入式”是指：Derby提供了一种可行性，使得应用级程序中可以很方便地启动一个数据库引擎模块，提供数据库功能服务。如此一来，应用与数据库就不再是传统的分布式关系，而变成了嵌入关系。技术上讲，数据库不再是一个独立的进程，而是存在并受控于应用的进程中。

Derby是一款java程序，使用它的方式其实就是使用其提供的jar。

简单地用Derby作为嵌入式数据库使用，仅需使用derby.jar即可。derby.jar中包括一个数据库引擎和一个嵌入式的JDBC驱动（进程内通信的JDBC Driver）。应用使用这个驱动与内嵌于自身进程的数据库引擎交互即可。org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver是该驱动的名称。

以下是连接到内嵌数据库的标准方式：

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:derby:sample");

那么数据库是什么时候启动的呢？当第一次连接创建的时候。最简单的一个样例程序如下所示：

public class SimpleApp
{
    private String protocol = "jdbc:derby:";
     
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        new SimpleApp().go(args);
        System.out.println("SimpleApp finished");
    }
    
    void go(String[] args)
    {

        System.out.println("SimpleApp starting in " + framework + " mode");

        /* We will be using Statement and PreparedStatement objects for
         * executing SQL. These objects, as well as Connections and ResultSets,
         * are resources that should be released explicitly after use, hence
         * the try-catch-finally pattern used below.
         * We are storing the Statement and Prepared statement object references
         * in an array list for convenience.
         */
         
        Connection conn = null;
        ArrayList<Statement> statements = new ArrayList<Statement>(); // list of Statements, PreparedStatements
        PreparedStatement psInsert;
        PreparedStatement psUpdate;
        Statement s;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try
        {
            Properties props = new Properties(); // connection properties
            // providing a user name and password is optional in the embedded
            // and derbyclient frameworks
            props.put("user", "user1");
            props.put("password", "user1");

            /* By default, the schema APP will be used when no username is
             * provided.
             * Otherwise, the schema name is the same as the user name (in this
             * case "user1" or USER1.)
             *
             * Note that user authentication is off by default, meaning that any
             * user can connect to your database using any password. To enable
             * authentication, see the Derby Developer's Guide.
             */

            String dbName = "derbyDB"; // the name of the database

            /*
             * This connection specifies create=true in the connection URL to
             * cause the database to be created when connecting for the first
             * time. To remove the database, remove the directory derbyDB (the
             * same as the database name) and its contents.
             *
             * The directory derbyDB will be created under the directory that
             * the system property derby.system.home points to, or the current
             * directory (user.dir) if derby.system.home is not set.
             */
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(protocol + dbName
                    + ";create=true", props);

            System.out.println("Connected to and created database " + dbName);

            // We want to control transactions manually. Autocommit is on by
            // default in JDBC.
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);

            /* Creating a statement object that we can u