Java NIO 零拷贝示例

零拷贝的“零”是指用户态和内核态间copy数据的次数为零。

传统的数据copy（文件到文件、client到server等）涉及到四次用户态内核态切换、四次copy。四次copy中，两次在用户态和内核态间copy需要CPU参与、两次在内核态与IO设备间copy为DMA方式不需要CPU参与。零拷贝避免了用户态和内核态间的copy、减少了两次用户态内核态间的切换。

零拷贝可以提高数据传输效率，但对于需要在用户传输过程中对数据进行加工的场景（如加密）就不适合使用零拷贝。

 

使用Zero Copy前后对比：

①零拷贝前

 ②零拷贝后

1. 通过网络把一个文件从client传到server 

/**
 * disk-nic零拷贝
 */
class ZerocopyServer {
    ServerSocketChannel listener = null;

    protected void mySetup() {
        InetSocketAddress listenAddr = new InetSocketAddress(9026);

        try {
            listener = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            ServerSocket ss = listener.socket();
            ss.setReuseAddress(true);
            ss.bind(listenAddr);
            System.out.println("监听的端口:" + listenAddr.toString());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("端口绑定失败 : " + listenAddr.toString() + " 端口可能已经被使用,出错原因: " + e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ZerocopyServer dns = new ZerocopyServer();
        dns.mySetup();
        dns.readData();
    }

    private void readData() {
        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(4096);
        try {
            while (true) {
                SocketChannel conn = listener.accept();
                System.out.println("创建的连接: " + conn);
                conn.configureBlocking(true);
                int nread = 0;
                while (nread != -1) {
                    try {
                        nread = conn.read(dst);
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        nread = -1;
                    }
                    dst.rewind();
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

class ZerocopyClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ZerocopyClient sfc = new ZerocopyClient();
        sfc.testSendfile();
    }

    public void testSendfile() throws IOException {
        String host = "localhost";
        int port = 9026;
        SocketAddress sad = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
        SocketChannel sc = SocketChannel.open();
        sc.connect(sad);
        sc.configureBlocking(true);

        String fname = "src/main/java/zerocopy/test.data";
        FileChannel fc = new FileInputStream(fname).getChannel();
        long start = System.nanoTime();
        long nsent = 0, curnset = 0;
        curnset = fc.transferTo(0, fc.size(), sc);
        System.out.println("发送的总字节数:" + curnset + " 耗时(ns):" + (System.nanoTime() - start));
        try {
            sc.close();
            fc.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }
}

 2. 文件到文件的零拷贝

/**
 * disk-disk零拷贝
 */
class ZerocopyFile {
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    public static void transferToDemo(String from, String to) throws IOException {
        FileChannel fromChannel = new RandomAccessFile(from, "rw").getChannel();
        FileChannel toChannel = new RandomAccessFile(to, "rw").getChannel();

        long position = 0;
        long count = fromChannel.size();

        fromChannel.transferTo(position, count, toChannel);

        fromChannel.close();
        toChannel.close();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    public static void transferFromDemo(String from, String to) throws IOException {
        FileChannel fromChannel = new FileInputStream(from).getChannel();
        FileChannel toChannel = new FileOutputStream(to).getChannel();

        long position = 0;
        long count = fromChannel.size();

        toChannel.transferFrom(fromChannel, position, count);

        fromChannel.close();
        toChannel.close();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String from = "src/main/java/zerocopy/1.data";
        String to = "src/main/java/zerocopy/2.data";
        // transferToDemo(from,to);
        transferFromDemo(from, to);
    }
}