CMAKE修改VS大总结

一. 约定

这个段落用来描述文章中使用特殊字体，样式的场景。

 

CMAKE文件内容

重要内容

链接

不适用或者理论上可以，但是实际不行

需要后续更新的内容

二. 简单介绍

cmake(http://www.cmake.org/)的介绍，可以Google。

接触C++项目的人都知道，现在存在很多组织源代码进行编译的工具，windows平台下的nmake，visual studio（不同版本的sln project文件）以及Eclipse的CDT。cmake所处的位置，更像是这些已有工具的管理工具，它可以根据cmakelists文件来生成相应的makefile，project文件等等。

使用cmake的好处有很多。编写一次配置文件，就可以在不同的开发平台，不同的编译环境下使用。强大的定制功能，弥补很多工具自身的不足。自动化管理依赖，节省开发人员的时间和编译时间。等等。

当然也有他的不足。每一个工具都是有自己的局限性。学习曲线比较陡峭。编译过程变的稍微复杂，需要首先生成中间格式的文件，然后才能编译生成最终的文件。学习资料很少很散。

有好处有坏处，需要的就是权衡。在我看来，cmake提供的功能比较诱人，将代码的配置信息与build环境剥离。这样做为程序员提供了很大的灵活性。

下载安装都很简单，直接到cmake的主页上下载安装包，按提示操作。

三. 文件目录结构

在每一层目录下创建一个cmakelists.txt的文件，父目录的cmakelists文件可以指定包含的子目录，子目录的cmakelists则管理该目录下所有的sourcecode。目录可以多层嵌套，组织比较灵活，但是不建议目录层数太深。

Dir  Helloworld                                   The project

|      File  cmakelists.txt                      The project main cmakelists.txt, which should define the whole project’s properties and include sub dir

|      Dir  HelloworldTest                      The app dir, which contains the main function

|      |      File cmakelists.txt                The app cmakelists.txt, which defines all the source files, compiler flags and link flags.

|      |      File main.cpp                       The cpp file

|      Dir  Hellowould                            The library dir

|      |      File cmakelists.txt                The library cmakelists.txt, which should define all source files and build flags

|      |      File helloworld.h                   header file

|      |      File helloworld.cpp                cpp file

 

从上边的目录结构可以看出，每一层目录下边都有一个cmakelists.txt。

文件内容：   

Helloworld/cmakelists.txt

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )

project( Helloworld )

set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /machine:x86" ) 

add_subdirectory( Helloworld )               
add_subdirectory( Helloworldtest )

Helloworld/Helloworld/cmakelists.txt

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )

set( HelloWorldSrc helloworld.cpp helloworld.h )

add_library( Helloworld STATIC ${HelloWorldSrc} )

Helloworld/HelloworldTest/cmakelists.txt

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )
set( HelloWorldTestSrc main.cpp)

include_directories( "${Helloworld_SOURCE_DIR}/Helloworld" )

add_executable( HelloworldTest ${HelloWorldTestSrc} )

target_link_libraries(HelloworldTest Helloworld )
add_dependencies( HelloworldTest Helloworld )

以上是最简单的cmake应用，使用了很基础的cmake命令，这里简单描述一下：

cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 2.8 ) ：表示当前cmakelists文件要求cmake版本最低为2.8

project( Helloworld ) ：整个项目的名字，在我们的项目中，Helloworld。这个在visual studio中对应solution的名字。

set( NAME VAL1 VAL2 ) ：设置变量NAME，值为VAL1;VAL2的列表。CMAKE中列表使用;分隔。如果需要空格分隔的结果，可以用双引号转换。

include_directories()：包含一个目录

add_executable(): 增加一个编译单元，目标文件为可执行文件，在windows上则为exe文件。

add_library()：添加一个编译单元，目标文件为库。

以上命令的详细解释，可以参考cmake的帮助文档。

 

四。外部库的引入

所有源文件都存放在一个目录下的项目，现实生活中这样的情况并不多见。最经常见到的情形是，我们自己的项目A，依赖于第三方库B, C, D。这里的第三方库包含类似于boost这样的公共库，也包含我们自己编写的独立库。

 

未完

 

附录：Visual Studio属性与对应cmakelists实现方法：

注意：此附录仅为beta版本，有些条目是推导出来的。

 

Visual Studio			Cmake
Project Reference			add_dependencies()
General/Output Directory
Debugging/Working Directory			CMAKE can’t set this value, because the info not stored in project file but some intermedia file generated by visual studio
c/c++	General	Additional Include Directories	include_directories()
		Resolve #using References	Don’t know
		Debug Information Format	CMAKE FAQ set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") Change the default flags for specific config.
		Common language runtime support	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr”) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr:pure”) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr:safe”) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr:oldSynax”)
		Suppress Startup Banner	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/nologo” )
		Warning Level	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W0” ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W1” ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W2” ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W3” ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/W4" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Wall” )
		Treat Warnings As Errors	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/WX-" ) #No set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/WX" )  #Yes
		Multi-processor Compilation	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/MP" )  #Yes #Don’t set means No
		Use Unicode For Assembler Listing	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/FAu" ) #yes #Don’t set means no
	Optimization	Optimization	set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") Change the default flags for specific config.
		Inline Function Expansion	set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") Change the default flags for specific config.
		Enable Intrinsic Functions	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Oi" ) #yes #Don’t set means no
		Favor Size or Speed	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Os" ) #size set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Ot" ) #speed #Don’t set means neither
		Omit Frame Pointers	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Oy-" ) #no set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Oy" ) #yes
		Enable Fiber-safe Optimizations	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GT" ) #yes #not setting means no
		Whole Program Optimization	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GL" ) #yes #not setting means no
	Preprocessor	Preprocessor Definitions	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_DEFINITIONS DEFNAME=DEFVAL ) set_source_files_properties( filename.cpp PROPERTIES COMPILE_DEFINITIONS DEFNAME=DEFVAL )
		Undefine Preprocessor Definitions	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/UDEFNAME" )
		Undefine All Preprocessor Definitions	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/u" )
		Ignore Standard Include Path	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/X" )
		Preprocess to a File	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/P" )
		Preprocess Suppress Line Numbers	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EP" )
		Keep Comments	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/C" )
	Code Generation	Enable String Pooling	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GF" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GF-" ) #no
		Enable Minimum Rebuild	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gm" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gm-" )#no
		Enable C++ Exceptions	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EHsc" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EHa" ) #yes, with SEH exceptions set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EHs" ) #yes, with extern C functions #not setting means no
		Smaller Type Check	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/RTCc" ) #yes #not setting means no
		Basic Runtime Checks	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/RTCs" ) #Stack frame check set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/RTCu" ) #Uninitialized Variable set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/TRC1" ) #Both #not setting means no
		Runtime Library	CMAKE FAQ set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") Change the default flags for specific config.
		Struct Member Alignment	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp1" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp2" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp4" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp8" )set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp16" )
		Buffer Security Check	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GS" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GS-" ) #no
		Enable Function-Level Linking	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gy" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gy-" ) #no
		Enable Enhaunced Instruction Set	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/arch:SSE" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/arch:SSE2" )
		Floating Point Model	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:precise" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:strict" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:fast" )
		Enable Floating Point Exceptions	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:except" )
		Create Hotpatchable Image	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/hotpatch" )
	Language	Disable Language Extensions	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Za" )
		Treat Wchar_t As Built in Type	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zc:wchar_t" )#yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zc:wchar_t-" ) #no
		Force Conformance in For Loop Scope
		Enable Run-Time Type Information	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GR" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GR-" ) #no
		Open MP Support	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/openmp" )#yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/openmp-" )#no
	PreCompiled Header	PreCompiled Header	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yc" ) #create set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yu" ) #use #not setting means no
		PreCompiled Header File	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Ycstdafx.h" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yustdafx.h" )
		Precompiled Header output File	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FpPathAndName.pch" )
	Output Files	Expand Attributed Source	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Fx" )
		Assembler Output	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FA" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAc" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAs" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAcs" ) #not setting means no list
		ASM List Location	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FaDebug" )
		Object File name	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FoName.obj" )
		Program DataBase File Name	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FdC:/Debug/good.pdb" )
		Generate XML Documentation Files	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/doc" )
		XML Documentation Filename	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/docDocument.xml" )
	Browse Information	Enable Browse Information	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FR" )
		Browse Information File	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FRfilename" )
	Advanced	Calling Convention	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gd" ) #_cdecl set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gr" )  #_fastcall set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gz" ) #_stdcall
		Compile As	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINKER_LANGUAGE "CXX" ) #C++ set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINKER_LANGUAGE "C" ) #C or set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/TP" ) #CXX set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/TC" ) #C
		Disable Specific Warnings	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/wd4710" )
		Forced Include File	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FIinclude.h" )
		Forced #using File	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FUname" )
		Show Includes	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/showIncludes" )
		Use full Paths	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FC" )
		Omit Default Library name	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/ZI" )
		Internal Compiler Error Reporting	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:queue" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:none" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:prompt" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:send" )
		Treat Specific Warnings as Errors	Don't know
Linker	General	Output File	#normal case set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES PREFIX "lib" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES SUFFIX "lib" ) #for debug version set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_PREFIX "lib" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_SUFFIX "lib" ) #For dlls set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES IMPORT_PREFIX "lib" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES IMPORT_SUFFIX "lib" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES PREFIX "bin" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES SUFFIX "dll" ) #output path
		Show Progress	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:Lib" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:ICF" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:REF" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:SAFESEH" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:CLR" ) #not setting means no
		Version	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES VERSION 0.1.2.3)
		Enable Incremental Linking	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/INCREMENTAL" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/INCREMENTAL:NO" ) set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "/INCREMENTAL" ) set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "/INCREMENTAL:NO" )
		Suppress Startup Banner	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/NOLOGO" )
		Ignore Import Library	Don't know
		Register Output	Don't know
		Per-user Redirection	Don't know
		Additional Library Directories	link_directories( dir1 dir2 ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LIBPATH:dir1 /LIBPATH:dir2" )
		Link Library Dependencies	Don't know
		Use Library Dependency Inputs	Don't know
		Link Status	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LTCG:STATUS" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LTCG:NOSTATUS" )
		Prevent DLL Binding	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/ALLOWBIND:NO" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/ALLOWBIND:YES" )
		Treat Linker Warnings As Errors	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/WX" )
		Force File Output	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FORCE" )
		Create Hot Patchable Image	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:16" ) #Itanium only set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:6" ) #x64 only set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:5" ) #x86 only
		Specify Section Attributes	Don't know
	Input	Additional Dependancies	target_link_libraries( target item1 item2 )
		Ignore All Default Libraries	set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/NODEFAULTLIB" )
Put files into folders			source_group( header FILES includeme.h )

 

结论：CMAKE默认会修改的选项有时候是没有办法再次修改的。CMAKE默认不修改的选项大部分情况都可以自己定义。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/221947/blog/413652