Q_FOREACH

取自5.4.1的实现

    // Explanation of the control word:
    //  - it's initialized to 1
    //  - that means both the inner and outer loops start
    //  - if there were no breaks, at the end of the inner loop, it's set to 0, which
    //    causes it to exit (the inner loop is run exactly once)
    //  - at the end of the outer loop, it's inverted, so it becomes 1 again, allowing
    //    the outer loop to continue executing
    //  - if there was a break inside the inner loop, it will exit with control still
    //    set to 1; in that case, the outer loop will invert it to 0 and will exit to

    #  define Q_FOREACH(variable, container)                                \
    for (QForeachContainer<QT_FOREACH_DECLTYPE(container)> _container_((container)); \
         _container_.control && _container_.i != _container_.e;         \
         ++_container_.i, _container_.control ^= 1)                     \
        for (variable = *_container_.i; _container_.control; _container_.control = 0)

Qt的实现有两个loop，分别称为inner-loop和outer-loop，QForeachContainer没什么太多需要探讨的地方，只要知道里面有一个i迭代器表示当前元素，e迭代器表示结束元素，也不讨论到底里面是否安全，显然，outer-loop比inner-loop看起来更复杂，先分离着看

outer-loop的循环判断结束条件是_container_.control && container.i != container.e;

后者是相当普通的判断当前元素是否结束元素，前者是一个control变量（int），其初始值为1

outer-loop的循环执行语句是++container.i, container.control ^= 1

前者是相当普通的迭代器递增，后者则是使control与1异或，这使得control会在0跟1之间来回切换

再来看一下inner-loop

inner-loop的判断条件是control，执行语句是将control赋值为0，也就是说，在没有break的情况下，inner-loop只会执行一次，随后control就会变为0，然后outer-loop使其与1异或，变回1，继续执行循环，这就是整个Q_FOREACH最基本的逻辑

比较好玩的是，当循环里有break，那么inner-loop将control赋值为0的操作就不存在，结果control在outer-loop就会与1异或，变为0，从而退出outer-loop

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/2546556/blog/1786842