146. LRU 缓存（高频）

先写上实现代码。思路和中间的一些细节后面补充

class LRUCache {
public:

    //定义双链表
    struct Node{
        int key,value;
        Node* left ,*right;
        Node(int _key,int _value): key(_key),value(_value),left(NULL),right(NULL){}
    }*L,*R;//双链表的最左和最右节点，不存贮值。
    int n;
    unordered_map<int,Node*>hash;

    void remove(Node* p)
    {
        p->right->left = p->left;
        p->left->right = p->right;
    }
    void insert(Node *p)
    {
        p->right = L->right;
        p->left = L;
        L->right->left = p;
        L->right = p;
    }
    LRUCache(int capacity) {
        n = capacity;
        L = new Node(-1,-1),R = new Node(-1,-1);
        L->right = R;
        R->left = L;    
    }
    
    int get(int key) {
        if(hash.count(key) == 0) return -1; //不存在关键字 key 
        auto p = hash[key];
        remove(p);
        insert(p);//将当前节点放在双链表的第一位
        return p->value;
    }
    
    void put(int key, int value) {
        if(hash.count(key)) //如果key存在，则修改对应的value
        {
            auto p = hash[key];
            p->value = value;
            remove(p);
            insert(p);
        }
        else 
        {
            if(hash.size() == n) //如果缓存已满，则删除双链表最右侧的节点
            {
                auto  p = R->left;
                remove(p);
                hash.erase(p->key); //更新哈希表
                delete p; //释放内存
            }
            //否则，插入(key, value)
            auto p = new Node(key,value);
            hash[key] = p;
            insert(p);
        }
    }
};

/**
 * Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * LRUCache* obj = new LRUCache(capacity);
 * int param_1 = obj->get(key);
 * obj->put(key,value);
 */