类加载器（1）-基础

类加载器加载顺序

1. Bootstrap ClassLoader
2. ExtClassLoader
3. AppClassLoader

为啥加载顺序是这样的？从Launcher类说起

Launcher类

分析Launcher构造器源码

 public Launcher() {
        Launcher.ExtClassLoader var1;
        try {
            var1 = Launcher.ExtClassLoader.getExtClassLoader();
        } catch (IOException var10) {
            throw new InternalError("Could not create extension class loader", var10);
        }

        try {
            //AppClassLoader 父加载器 ExtClassLoader
            this.loader = Launcher.AppClassLoader.getAppClassLoader(var1);
        } catch (IOException var9) {
            throw new InternalError("Could not create application class loader", var9);
        }

        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.loader);
        .......
}

Launcher类中封装了ExtClassLoader和AppClassLoader

分析ExtClassLoader和AppClassLoader源码

static class ExtClassLoader extends URLClassLoader {
        public ExtClassLoader(File[] var1) throws IOException {
            // ExtClassLoader  父加载器 null
            super(getExtURLs(var1), (ClassLoader)null, Launcher.factory);
            ......
        }
}

static class AppClassLoader extends URLClassLoader {
        .......
}

从以上源码可知：

1）AppClassLoader的父加载器是ExtClassLoader

2）ExtClassLoader的父加载器是null

3）Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()获取的是AppClassLoader

那为啥说ExtClassLoader父加载器是Bootstrap ClassLoader？分析ClassLoader源码

ClassLoader类

分析构造函数

private ClassLoader(Void unused, ClassLoader parent) {
        this.parent = parent;
        ......
}

    
protected ClassLoader(ClassLoader parent) {
        this(checkCreateClassLoader(), parent);
}

   
protected ClassLoader() {
        this(checkCreateClassLoader(), getSystemClassLoader());
}

根据构造函数可知：

1）每个类加载器都有一个父加载器

2）如果ClassLoader创建时没有指定parent，那它的parent默认从getSystemClassLoader()获取，就是AppClassLoader

分析loadClass方法源码

 protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
        throws ClassNotFoundException
    {
        synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
            // 首先, 检查类是否已经被加载
            Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
            if (c == null) {
                long t0 = System.nanoTime();
                try {
                    if (parent != null) {
                        //如果父加载器不为空
                        c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
                    } else {
                        //如果父加载器为空，使用Bootstrap ClassLoader加载
                        c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
                    // from the non-null parent class loader
                }

                if (c == null) {
                    // 如果还是没找到类，那就使用findclass方法查找类
                    // to find the class.
                    long t1 = System.nanoTime();
                    c = findClass(name);

                    // this is the defining class loader; record the stats
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
                }
            }
            if (resolve) {
                resolveClass(c);
            }
            return c;
        }
    }

分析loadClass方法源码可知：

当使用AppClassLoader加载类的时候，先递归调用AppClassLoader的父加载器ExtClassLoader加载类，然后递归调用ExtClassLoader的父加载器加载类，因为ExtClassLoader的父加载器是null，最终会使用Bootstrap ClassLoader加载类（Bootstrap ClassLoader是c++方法编写），所以我们可以认为ExtClassLoader的父加载器是Bootstrap ClassLoader

加载器加载类的路径

1. Bootstrap ClassLoader ：System.getProperty("sun.boot.class.path")
2. ExtClassLoader ：System.getProperty("java.ext.dirs")
3. AppClassLoader ：System.getProperty("java.class.path")

查看sun.misc.Launcher.AppClassLoader源码

 public static ClassLoader getAppClassLoader(final ClassLoader var0) throws IOException {
            final String var1 = System.getProperty("java.class.path");  
            .......         
 }

查看sun.misc.Launcher.ExtClassLoader源码

 private static File[] getExtDirs() {
            String var0 = System.getProperty("java.ext.dirs");
            ......
 }

查看Launcher源码

private static String bootClassPath = System.getProperty("sun.boot.class.path");

测试例子

public class ClassLoadTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassLoader cl = ClassLoadTest.class.getClassLoader();
        System.out.println("ClassLoader is:"+cl.toString());
        System.out.println("ClassLoader is:"+Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
        System.out.println("ClassLoader is:"+cl.getParent().toString());
        System.out.println("ClassLoader is:"+ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().toString());
        System.out.println("ClassLoader is:"+Launcher.getLauncher().getClassLoader().toString());
        System.out.println("ClassLoader is:"+Launcher.getLauncher().getClassLoader().getParent().toString());

        // String 和 int 的 classload 都是 null , 是由Bootstrap ClassLoader 加载
        //ystem.out.println(int.class.getClassLoader().toString());
        //System.out.println(String.class.getClassLoader().toString());
    }
}

测试结果

ClassLoader is:sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
ClassLoader is:sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
ClassLoader is:sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader@6ff3c5b5
ClassLoader is:sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
ClassLoader is:sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
ClassLoader is:sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader@6ff3c5b5