linux驱动学习——字符设备号

字符设备号本质就是一个32位的无符号整型值。高12位为主设备号；低20位为次设备号。

• 查看设备号

cat /proc/devices

4.1、构造设备号

源码路径: include/linux/kdev_t.h

#define MINORBITS	20
#define MINORMASK	((1U << MINORBITS) - 1)

#define MAJOR(dev)	((unsigned int) ((dev) >> MINORBITS))
#define MINOR(dev)	((unsigned int) ((dev) & MINORMASK))
#define MKDEV(ma,mi)	(((ma) << MINORBITS) | (mi))

4.2、注册/注销设备号

/**
 * register_chrdev_region() - register a range of device numbers
 * @from: the first in the desired range of device numbers; must include
 *        the major number.
 * @count: the number of consecutive device numbers required
 * @name: the name of the device or driver.
 *
 * Return value is zero on success, a negative error code on failure.
 */
int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)

/**
 * unregister_chrdev_region() - return a range of device numbers
 * @from: the first in the range of numbers to unregister
 * @count: the number of device numbers to unregister
 *
 * This function will unregister a range of @count device numbers,
 * starting with @from.  The caller should normally be the one who
 * allocated those numbers in the first place...
 */
void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)

4.3、示例代码

#include<linux/module.h>
#include<linux/init.h>
#include<linux/kdev_t.h>
#include<linux/fs.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("NEONAN");

static int major = 230;
static int minor = 0;
static dev_t devno;

static int hello_init(void)
{
	int result;

	printk("hello_init\n");

	devno = MKDEV(major, minor);
	result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "dev_test");
	if(result < 0){
		printk("register_chrdev_region fauil\n");
		return result;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void hello_exit(void)
{
	printk("hello_exit\n");
	unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);
	return; 
}

module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);

编译后，注册该驱动

root@work:/home/work/dirve/dev_t# insmod dev_t.ko 
root@work:/home/work/dirve/dev_t# cat /proc/devices 
Character devices:
  ...
  230 dev_test