数据结构 C 代码5:多项式相加

1.创建链表

typedef struct LinkNode{
	int coefficient;
	int exponent;
	struct LinkNode *next;
} *LinkList, *NodePtr;//创建多项式

2.初始化

LinkList initLinkList(){
	LinkList tempHeader = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
	tempHeader->coefficient = 0;
	tempHeader->exponent = 0;
	tempHeader->next = NULL;
	return tempHeader;
}

3.打印链表和结点

void printList(LinkList paraHeader){
	NodePtr p = paraHeader->next;
	while (p != NULL) {
		printf("%d * 10^%d + ", p->coefficient, p->exponent);
		p = p->next;
	}
	printf("\r\n");
}

void printNode(NodePtr paraPtr, char paraChar){
	if (paraPtr == NULL) {
		printf("NULL\r\n");
	} else {
		printf("The element of %c is (%d * 10^%d)\r\n", paraChar, paraPtr->coefficient, paraPtr->exponent);
	}
}

4.添加元素

void appendElement(LinkList paraHeader, int paraCoefficient, int paraExponent){
	NodePtr p, q;

	q = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
	q->coefficient = paraCoefficient;
	q->exponent = paraExponent;
	q->next = NULL;

	p = paraHeader;
	while (p->next != NULL) {
		p = p->next;
	}

	p->next = q;
}

5.加起来

void add(NodePtr paraList1, NodePtr paraList2){
	NodePtr p, q, r, s;
	p = paraList1->next;
	printNode(p, 'p');
	q = paraList2->next;
	printNode(q, 'q');
	r = paraList1; 
	printNode(r, 'r');
	free(paraList2); 
	while ((p != NULL) && (q != NULL)) {
		if (p->exponent < q->exponent) {  //情况一:指数p<q
			printf("case 1\r\n");
			r = p;
			printNode(r, 'r');
			p = p->next;
			printNode(p, 'p');
		} else if ((p->exponent > q->exponent)) {//情况二:指数p>q
			printf("case 2\r\n");
			r->next = q;
			r = q;
			printNode(r, 'r');
			q = q->next;
			printNode(q, 'q');
		} else {
			printf("case 3\r\n");
			p->coefficient = p->coefficient + q->coefficient;
			printf("The coefficient is: %d.\r\n", p->coefficient);
			if (p->coefficient == 0) {//情况三:p.q指数相等,系数相加为零
				printf("case 3.1\r\n");
				s = p;
				p = p->next;
				printNode(p, 'p');
				// free(s);
			} else {//情况四:p.q指数相等,系数相加不为零
				printf("case 3.2\r\n");
				r = p;
				printNode(r, 'r');
				p = p->next;
				printNode(p, 'p');
			}
			s = q;
			q = q->next;
			free(s);
		}
		printf("p = %ld, q = %ld \r\n", p, q);
	} 
	printf("End of while.\r\n");
	if (p == NULL) {
		r->next = q;
	} else {
		r->next = p;
	} 
	printf("Addition ends.\r\n");
}

多项式的加法运算一般用单链表实现
算法思路大概是:


两个指针P1和P2分别指向这两个多项式的第一个节点,不断循环



P1->expon==P2->expon:系数相加,若结果不为0,则作为结果多项式对应项的系数。
同时,P1和P2都分别指向下一项



P1->expon>P2->expon:将P1的当前项存入结果多项式,并使P1指向下一项



P1->expon<P2->expon:将P2的当前项存入结果多项式,并使P2指向下一项

6.测试

void additionTest(){
	LinkList tempList1 = initLinkList();
	appendElement(tempList1, 7, 0);
	appendElement(tempList1, 3, 1);
	appendElement(tempList1, 9, 8);
	appendElement(tempList1, 5, 17);
	printList(tempList1);

	LinkList tempList2 = initLinkList();
	appendElement(tempList2, 8, 1);
	appendElement(tempList2, 22, 7);
	appendElement(tempList2, -9, 8);
	printList(tempList2);

	add(tempList1, tempList2);
	printList(tempList1);
}

7.完整代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

typedef struct LinkNode{
	int coefficient;
	int exponent;
	struct LinkNode *next;
} *LinkList, *NodePtr;//创建多项式

LinkList initLinkList(){
	LinkList tempHeader = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
	tempHeader->coefficient = 0;
	tempHeader->exponent = 0;
	tempHeader->next = NULL;
	return tempHeader;
}

void printList(LinkList paraHeader){
	NodePtr p = paraHeader->next;
	while (p != NULL) {
		printf("%d * 10^%d + ", p->coefficient, p->exponent);
		p = p->next;
	}
	printf("\r\n");
}

void printNode(NodePtr paraPtr, char paraChar){
	if (paraPtr == NULL) {
		printf("NULL\r\n");
	} else {
		printf("The element of %c is (%d * 10^%d)\r\n", paraChar, paraPtr->coefficient, paraPtr->exponent);
	}
}

void appendElement(LinkList paraHeader, int paraCoefficient, int paraExponent){
	NodePtr p, q;

	q = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
	q->coefficient = paraCoefficient;
	q->exponent = paraExponent;
	q->next = NULL;

	p = paraHeader;
	while (p->next != NULL) {
		p = p->next;
	}

	p->next = q;
}

void add(NodePtr paraList1, NodePtr paraList2){
	NodePtr p, q, r, s;
	p = paraList1->next;
	printNode(p, 'p');
	q = paraList2->next;
	printNode(q, 'q');
	r = paraList1; 
	printNode(r, 'r');
	free(paraList2); 
	while ((p != NULL) && (q != NULL)) {
		if (p->exponent < q->exponent) {  //情况一:指数p<q
			printf("case 1\r\n");
			r = p;
			printNode(r, 'r');
			p = p->next;
			printNode(p, 'p');
		} else if ((p->exponent > q->exponent)) {//情况二:指数p>q
			printf("case 2\r\n");
			r->next = q;
			r = q;
			printNode(r, 'r');
			q = q->next;
			printNode(q, 'q');
		} else {
			printf("case 3\r\n");
			p->coefficient = p->coefficient + q->coefficient;
			printf("The coefficient is: %d.\r\n", p->coefficient);
			if (p->coefficient == 0) {//情况三:p.q指数相等,系数相加为零
				printf("case 3.1\r\n");
				s = p;
				p = p->next;
				printNode(p, 'p');
				// free(s);
			} else {//情况四:p.q指数相等,系数相加不为零
				printf("case 3.2\r\n");
				r = p;
				printNode(r, 'r');
				p = p->next;
				printNode(p, 'p');
			}
			s = q;
			q = q->next;
			free(s);
		}
		printf("p = %ld, q = %ld \r\n", p, q);
	} 
	printf("End of while.\r\n");
	if (p == NULL) {
		r->next = q;
	} else {
		r->next = p;
	} 
	printf("Addition ends.\r\n");
}

void additionTest(){
	LinkList tempList1 = initLinkList();
	appendElement(tempList1, 7, 0);
	appendElement(tempList1, 3, 1);
	appendElement(tempList1, 9, 8);
	appendElement(tempList1, 5, 17);
	printList(tempList1);

	LinkList tempList2 = initLinkList();
	appendElement(tempList2, 8, 1);
	appendElement(tempList2, 22, 7);
	appendElement(tempList2, -9, 8);
	printList(tempList2);

	add(tempList1, tempList2);
	printList(tempList1);
}

void main(){
	additionTest();
}

8.运行结果

The element of p is (7 * 10^0)
The element of q is (8 * 10^1)
The element of r is (0 * 10^0)
case 1
The element of r is (7 * 10^0)
The element of p is (3 * 10^1)
p = 8066096, q = 8066224
case 3
The coefficient is: 11.
case 3.2
The element of r is (11 * 10^1)
The element of p is (9 * 10^8)
p = 8066128, q = 8066256
case 2
The element of r is (22 * 10^7)
The element of q is (-9 * 10^8)
p = 8066128, q = 8066288
case 3
The coefficient is: 0.
case 3.1
The element of p is (5 * 10^17)
p = 8066160, q = 0
End of while.
Addition ends.
7 * 10^0 + 11 * 10^1 + 22 * 10^7 + 5 * 10^17 +
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